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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 108-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0277

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

凹凸棒石-微生物协同脱硅及其应用效果研究

冯志珍1,2,3(), 陈太春4, 戴佳锟1,2,3, 付博1,2,3, 赵文娟1,2,3, 颜宏1,2,3, 韩姗姗1,2,3, 徐倩1,2,3, 卢雨欣1,2,3, 秦涛1,2,3()   

  1. 1 陕西省生物农业研究所， 西安 710043
    2 陕西省植物线虫学重点实验室， 西安 710043
    3 陕西省酶工程技术研究中心， 西安 710600
    4 西安市临潼区农技推广服务中心， 西安 710600
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-07 修回日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    秦涛，男，1974年出生，陕西眉县人，副研究员，本科，主要从事微生物发酵研究。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-82291059，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    冯志珍，女，1986年出生，内蒙古呼和浩特人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事土壤保育修复研究。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-82291059，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科学院“一所一品”项目“生态高值特种玉米种质提升与健康食品产业化”(2021k-01); 陕西省科学院科技计划研究项目“小麦土传病害绿色防控关键技术研发与示范”(2024k-02); 西安市农业关键技术攻关重点项目“石榴低产园改造关键技术研究与示范”(25NJSZD00016); 西安市科技计划项目“含益生元设施番茄灰霉病新型生防制剂研发与应用”(25NJSYB00023); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“陕南土石山区坡耕地改土培肥关键技术集成及示范”(2023-ZDLNY-54); 咸阳市科技局重点研发计划项目“中药渣生物肥料快速腐熟技术在设施土壤改良中的应用研究”(L2025-ZDYF-NY-009)

Research on Synergistic Desilication of Attapulgite with Microorganisms and Its Application Effects

FENG Zhizhen1,2,3(), CHEN Taichun4, DAI Jiakun1,2,3, FU Bo1,2,3, ZHAO Wenjuan1,2,3, YAN Hong1,2,3, HAN Shanshan1,2,3, XU Qian1,2,3, LU Yuxin1,2,3, QIN Tao1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Bio-agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043
    2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Xi’an 710043
    3 Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710600
    4 Xi’an Lintong District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Xi’an 710600
  • Received:2026-04-07 Revised:2026-05-15 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

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摘要：

为改善土壤有效硅匮乏现状，探究凹凸棒石与硅酸盐细菌的协同脱硅机制，验证其改土培肥、促生增产效果，将前期筛选获得的硅酸盐细菌APT-28分别负载于凹凸棒石原矿与纯化矿表面，对负载前后矿物材料进行结构表征，并通过田间试验明确其实际应用成效。结果表明，纯化处理可有效脱除凹凸棒石中的块状杂质，提高比表面积、微孔面积与结晶度，菌株在凹凸棒石表面的黏附与晶格嵌入未破坏其主体晶体结构。纯化和负载菌均可提高凹凸棒石中硅元素(Si)含量，其中负载菌后纯化矿Si含量达86.59%。X射线衍射(XRD)显示所有样品结晶性良好，负载菌引发晶格收缩。田间试验中凹凸棒石原矿生物硅肥(A-Y-J)处理的青菜产量最高，达到104639.05 kg/hm2，较对照增产29.56%，其青菜中维生素C和硅含量均显著提升。凹凸棒石纯化矿生物硅肥(A-C-J)处理的土壤有效硅含量达198.03 mg/kg，较对照提升13.37%。硅菌协同作用可改善土壤有机质、全氮等养分含量。相关性分析表明，青菜硅含量与产量、维生素C含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。本研究阐明了凹凸棒石与硅酸盐细菌的协同脱硅作用机制，可为新型生物硅肥的研发与应用提供科学依据。

关键词: 凹凸棒石, 硅酸盐细菌, 结构表征, 生物硅肥, 土壤养分, 品质产量

Abstract:

To alleviate the deficiency of available silicon in soil, this study explored the synergistic desilication mechanism between attapulgite and silicate bacteria, and verified their effects on soil improvement, fertility regulation, growth promotion and yield enhancement. The previously screened silicate strain APT-28 was immobilized on raw and purified attapulgite. Structural characterizations of mineral materials before and after bacterial immobilization were performed, and field experiments were carried out to clarify their practical application efficacy. The results indicated that purification treatment could effectively remove the blocky impurities in attapulgite, increase the specific surface area, micropore area and crystallinity. The adhesion and lattice embedding of the bacterial strains on the surface of attapulgite did not destroy its main crystal structure. Both purification and loading of bacteria can increase the silicon (Si) content in bentonite. After loading with bacteria, the Si content of the purified ore reached 86.59%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all samples had good crystallinity, with peak intensities in the order of A-C > A-C-J > A-Y > A-Y-J, and bacterial loading caused lattice contraction. Field experiments showed that the treatment with raw attapulgite-based bio-silicon fertilizer (A-Y-J) yielded the highest pakchoi output, reaching 104639.05 kg/hm2, with an increase of 29.56% relative to the control. Meanwhile, the contents of vitamin C and silicon in pakchoi were significantly elevated. Soil available silicon content reached 198.03 mg/kg under the treatment of purified attapulgite bio-silicon fertilizer (A-C-J), which was 13.37% higher than that of the control. The synergistic interaction between attapulgite and silicate bacteria effectively increased soil contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and other nutrients. Correlation analysis revealed that silicon accumulation in pakchoi exhibited an extremely significant positive correlation with crop yield and vitamin C content (P<0.01). This study clarified the synergistic desilication mechanism of attapulgite combined with silicate bacteria, which can provide a theoretical reference and scientific support for the research and popularization of new-type biological silicon fertilizers.

Key words: attapulgite, silicate bacteria, structural characterization, biological silicon fertilizer, soil nutrients, quality and yield

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