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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 62-69.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0952

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃白龙江中上游珍稀濒危和国家重点保护植物资源及地理区系

孙学彦1(), 王了德1(), 李芝兰1, 霍瑞霞2, 杨静2   

  1. 1 舟曲县林业和草原局， 甘肃舟曲 746300
    2 舟曲县林业和草原技术服务站， 甘肃舟曲 746300
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01 修回日期:2026-04-29 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    王了德，男，1970年出生，甘肃舟曲人，正高级工程师，本科，研究方向：主要从事林草资源调查、林业有害生物防治、林技推广工作。通信地址：736300 甘肃省舟曲县峰迭新区水泉路1号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    孙学彦，男，1983年出生，甘肃舟曲人，工程师，本科，研究方向：主要从事林业和草原资源调查管理工作。通信地址：746300 甘肃省舟曲县峰迭新区林业大厦4楼草原股，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家林业和草原局“甘肃省兰科植物资源专项调查(202007); “甘肃省林木种质资源调查舟曲县第一次林木种质资源普查项目”(YGCG-2025-005)

Rare, Endangered and National Key Protected Plant Resources in Middle and Upper Reaches of Bailongjiang River of Gansu and Their Phytogography

SUN Xueyan1(), WANG Liaode1(), LI Zhilan1, HUO Ruixia2, YANG Jing2   

  1. 1 Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Zhouqu County, Zhouqu, Gansu 746300
    2 Forestry and Grassland Technical Service Station of Zhouqu County, Zhouqu, Gansu 746300
  • Received:2025-12-01 Revised:2026-04-29 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

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摘要：

为系统全面掌握甘肃白龙江中上游流域珍稀濒危和国家重点保护植物的资源多样性，分析其区系地理特征，采用样线踏查和样地调查相结合的方法，结合查阅相关文献资料，对该地区的珍稀濒危植物资源进行整理和分析。结果显示：（1）该区域共有珍稀濒危物种93种，隶属于25科55属。其中，47种为国家重点保护植物，37种为中国特有种，65种被列入于《中国生物多样性红色名录》（高等植物），81种为世界自然保护联盟濒危物种，60种被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录。（2）经区系分析，科的分布区系为6个分布区类型和4个变形，植物属的分布区系可归为10个分布区类型和4个变形，其中北温带分布占比最高。（3）93种珍稀濒危物种绝大部分为零星分布，少量有块状或片状分布，如角盘兰、广布红门兰、独叶草等；只在迭部有分布的11种，只在舟曲分布的有45种，37种在两地均有分布；种类上舟曲分布较为丰富。研究表明：在白龙江中上游分布的珍稀濒危植物资源种类多，区系以温带性为主、兼有北亚热带向暖温带过渡特性，并富含中国特有成分；且以兰科植物为主共有56种，占总数的60%，进一步巩固了该区域作为兰科植物分布热点的地位。然而，大部分珍稀濒危物种分布范围狭窄，居群数量较少，这对其保护工作提出了严峻的挑战。

关键词: 甘肃省, 白龙江中上游流域, 珍稀濒危植物, 国家重点保护, 分布, 区系地理

Abstract:

The research aims to systematically and comprehensively understand the diversity of rare, endangered and national key protected plants in the middle and upper reaches of Bailong River in Gansu, and analyze their phytogeography. Combining line transects survey and plot survey, and referring to relevant literature, the rare and endangered plant resources in this area were sorted out and analyzed. The results show that: (1) there are 93 rare and endangered species in this region, belonging to 25 families and 55 genera. Among them, 47 are national key protected plants, 37 are Chinese endemic species, 65 are listed in the China Biodiversity Red List (Higher Plants), 81 are IUCN Red List species, and 60 are included in the Appendices of CITES. (2) In terms of floristic analysis, the distribution patterns of families can be divided into 6 types and 4 variants, while those of genera can be classified into 10 types and 4 variants, with the highest proportion of north temperate elements. (3) Most of the 93 rare and endangered species are scattered, while a few are distributed in blocks or patches, such as Herminium monorchis, Orchis chusua, Kingdonia uniflora, etc. There are 11 species only distributed in Diebu, 45 only in Zhouqu, and 37 in both areas, with richer species in Zhouqu. The rare and endangered plants in the middle and upper reaches of Bailong River are rich in species, characterized by dominant temperate elements, transitional features from north subtropical to warm temperate zones, and rich Chinese endemic components. There are 56 species of Orchidaceae, accounting for 60% of the total. However, most of the rare and endangered species have a narrow distribution range and a small number of populations, which poses a serious challenge to their protection.

Key words: Gansu Province, middle and upper reaches of Bailong River Basin, rare and endangered plants, national key protection, distribution, phytogeography

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