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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 10-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0719

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    

微量元素在小麦植株不同器官的富集和转运特征

郭海增(), 吴卫彬, 董鹏   

  1. 安阳市农业科学院,河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 作者简介:

    郭海增,男,1976年出生,河南内黄人,副研究员,本科,主要从事作物新品种选育和相关技术研究。通信地址:455000 河南省安阳市文峰区文明大道833号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-03)

Enrichment and Transport Characteristics of Trace Elements in Different Organs of Wheat Plants

GUO Haizeng(), WU Weibin, DONG Peng   

  1. Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000
  • Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2025-02-15 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

摘要:

为科学调控小麦微量元素含量及指导新品种培育,本研究以豫北地区主栽小麦品种为试验材料,分析了小麦成熟期植株不同器官中微量元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)的分布特征。结果表明,小麦植株中Fe含量为42.31~80.66 mg/kg,Mn含量为212.11~604.89 mg/kg,Cu含量为12.31~16.35 mg/kg,Zn含量为48.77~87.08 mg/kg。不同器官间微量元素富集与转运能力呈现显著差异,Mn富集能力表现为叶片>根系>籽粒>茎秆>颖壳,而Cu和Zn富集能力表现为根系>籽粒>叶片>茎秆>颖壳;在转运能力方面,小麦各器官对Fe、Cu、Zn的转运效率为籽粒>叶片>茎秆>颖壳,对Mn则为叶片>籽粒>茎秆>颖壳。根系、茎秆、颖壳、籽粒中微量元素富集表现为Zn>Cu>Mn>Fe,叶片中则为Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe。茎秆、叶片、颖壳对Cu、Mn、Zn的转运能力大于Fe,籽粒中微量元素转运能力表现为Zn>Cu>Fe>Mn。相关性分析揭示微量元素间存在显著互作效应。总体而言,豫北麦区小麦植株中微量元素含量分布呈垂直分布特征,根系、叶片和籽粒微量元素富集能力较强,叶片和籽粒微量元素转运效率较强。本研究为小麦微量元素精准调控及高微量营养强化品种选育提供了理论依据。

关键词: 小麦, 微量元素, Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn, 变异系数, 分布规律, 富集, 转运

Abstract:

The distribution characteristics of trace elements in wheat were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for scientific regulation of trace element content in wheat and cultivation of new wheat varieties. The distribution characteristics of trace elements, including iron ( Fe ), manganese ( Mn ), copper ( Cu ) and zinc ( Zn ) in different organs of wheat at maturity stage were analyzed by using wheat varieties popularized in large area in northern Henan as experimental materials. The content of Fe in wheat plants ranged from 42.31 to 80.66 mg/kg, the content of Mn ranged from 212.11 to 604.89 mg/kg, the content of Cu ranged from 12.31 to 16.35 mg/kg, and the content of Zn ranged from 48.77 to 87.08 mg/kg. The variation coefficients of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn contents in roots, stems, leaves, glume and grains of wheat plants showed different rules. The order of Mn enrichment ability of different organs of wheat was leaf > root > grain > stem > glume, and the order of Cu and Zn enrichment ability was root > grain > leaf > stem > glume. The order of Fe, Cu and Zn transport capacity of wheat organs was grain > leaf > stem > glume, and the order of Mn transport capacity was leaf > grain > stem > glume. The order of enrichment ability of trace elements in wheat roots, stems, glume and grains was Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe, and the order of enrichment ability of trace elements in leaves was Mn > Zn > Cu > Fe. The transport capacity of trace elements Cu, Mn, Zn in stems, leaves and glume of wheat was greater than that of Fe, and the order of transport capacity of trace elements in grains was Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between trace elements. The distribution of trace elements in wheat plants in northern Henan showed a vertical distribution pattern. The enrichment ability of trace elements in roots, leaves and grains was strong, and the transport ability of trace elements in leaves and grains was strong.

Key words: wheat, trace element, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, variation coefficient, distribution law, enrichment, transport