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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 156-165.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0267

• 资源•环境•生态•土壤•气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤营养元素平衡对烤烟生长发育以及质量的影响

张雄文1(), 付丽美2(), 黄飞燕1(), 侍浩良1, 周红霞2, 田明慧2   

  1. 1 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院/云南省都市特色农业工程技术研究中心， 昆明 650214
    2 云南省烟草公司临沧市公司， 云南临沧 677000
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-03 修回日期:2026-07-10 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    付丽美，女，1985年出生，云南曲靖人，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草质量评价研究。通信地址：677000 临沧市临翔区南天路200号，Tel：0883-2162397，E-mail：；
    黄飞燕，女，1984年出生，四川德阳人，研究员，硕士研究生导师，博士，主要从事烟草栽培与营养研究。通信地址：650214 云南省昆明市官渡区浦新路2号，Tel：0871-65098018，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张雄文，男，2001年出生，云南昆明人，在读硕士，主要从事烟草栽培生产研究。通信地址：650214 云南省昆明市官渡区浦新路2号，Tel：0871-65098018，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司临沧市公司科技计划项目“基于营养元素调控的烤烟优质适产关键技术研究与应用”(2024530900242001); 上海烟草集团有限责任公司科技计划项目“基地烟叶中后期病害速检及防控技术体系构建”(K2023-1-078Z); 云南省科技厅基础研究专项项目“MicoRNA调控烟草响应黑胫病菌胁迫的分子机制研究”(202401AT070034)

Effects of Soil Nutrient Element Balance on Growth, Development, and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

ZHANG Xiongwen1(), FU Limei2(), HUANG Feiyan1(), SHI Haoliang1, ZHOU Hongxia2, TIAN Minghui2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University/ Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Agriculture, Kunming 650214
    2 Lincang Company, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang, Yunnan 677000
  • Received:2026-04-03 Revised:2026-07-10 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

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摘要：

为探讨土壤营养元素平衡对烤烟生长发育以及品质的影响，改善烟株生长发育和烟叶品质，本试验设置常规施肥、常规施肥+恩格兰微生物菌剂、常规施肥+土壤修复剂+水溶性中微量元素肥、常规施肥+海螺甲壳素、常规施肥+“卡力美”肥5个处理，分别记为CK、T2、T3、T4和T5，测定不同处理对烤烟生育进程、农艺性状、植物学特征、病害发生情况，以及烤后烟叶的化学成分、中微量元素含量和感官品质等指标的影响，并运用主成分分析方法对农艺性状、化学成分和中微量元素3个指标进行了综合评价。结果表明：各处理的生育期差异不显著，但T3处理的生育期最短。在农艺性状方面，T3处理农艺性状最优，其与T4、T5处理的田间长势和成熟特性均显著优于CK及T2处理；在抗病性上，T3处理表现最佳；化学成分上，T4处理在氧化钾、氯、淀粉、蛋白质及总氮等化学指标上均处于最优适宜区间，表现出良好的化学成分协调性；中微量元素分析显示，各处理普遍存在钙、镁、硅以及钼元素不足的问题；主成分分析表明，农艺性状在T3处理下综合得分最高，化学成分在T4处理下综合得分最高，而烟叶中微量元素在T5处理下综合得分最高。本试验表明，T3处理（土壤修复剂+水溶性中微量元素肥）在促进生长、增强抗逆性方面效果显著，T4处理（海螺甲壳素）在改善烟叶化学品质方面具有优势，两者可作为临沧双江植烟区烟叶原料高质量发展的核心优化施肥方案。

关键词: 烤烟, 土壤, 营养元素平衡, 生长, 烤烟质量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of soil nutrient balance on the growth, development, and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and to improve plant growth and leaf quality, this experiment set up five treatments, including conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + Englan microbial inoculant, conventional fertilization + soil conditioner + water-soluble trace and microelement fertilizer, conventional fertilization + Hailuo chitin, and conventional fertilization + “Kalimei” fertilizer. These were designated as CK, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The study assessed the effects of these treatments on flue-cured tobacco growth, agronomic and botanical traits, disease incidence, as well as post-curing indicators such as chemical composition, trace element content, and sensory quality of the tobacco leaves. Principal component analysis was conducted on the three indicators: agronomic traits, chemical composition, and trace element content. The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth periods among the treatments; however, treatment T3 exhibited the most optimal agronomic traits, with its field growth and maturity characteristics, along with those of treatments T4 and T5, significantly superior to those of treatments CK and T2. In terms of disease resistance, treatment T3 performed best. In terms of chemical composition, treatment T4 fell within the optimal range for chemical indicators such as potassium oxide, chlorine, starch, protein, and total nitrogen, demonstrating good chemical composition balance. Analysis of trace elements revealed that all treatments generally suffered from deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, silicon, and molybdenum. Principal component analysis indicated that the T3 treatment achieved the highest composite score for agronomic traits, the T4 treatment achieved the highest composite score for chemical composition, and the T5 treatment achieved the highest composite score for trace elements in tobacco leaves. This experiment demonstrates that treatment T3 (soil conditioner + water-soluble trace element fertilizer) promotes growth and enhances stress resistance, while treatment T4 (conch chitin) improves chemical quality. Together, these two treatments can serve as the core optimized fertilization scheme for the high-quality development of tobacco leaf raw materials in the Shuangjiang tobacco-growing area of Lincang.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, soil, nutrient balance, growth, flue-cured tobacco quality

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