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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 183-190.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0032

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜根系分泌物对4种农田入侵杂草的化感作用研究

刘雪玲1,2(), 梁博铨1,2, 姚彬2, 杨云海2, 展澈2, 申时才2, 张付斗2, 杨韶松2, 郑凤萍2, 孔燕2, 袁静静2, 闫培睿3, 闫茂鹏3, 徐高峰2()   

  1. 1 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院， 昆明 650214
    2 云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室， 昆明 650205
    3 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所， 昆明 650205
    4 芒市土壤肥料工作站， 云南芒市 678400
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-07 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    徐高峰，男，1979年出生，安徽合肥人，研究员，研究方向：化学生态。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘雪玲，女，1999年出生，山东东营人，硕士研究生，研究方向：化学生态。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业联合专项重点项目“油菜根系分泌物对外来入侵植物小子虉草种子休眠与萌发的调控机制”(202301BD070001-030); 国家自然科学基金项目“生态控制过程中薇甘菊功能性状应对气候变暖的响应机制及对其种群扩展的调控”(32260302); 云南省专家基层科研工作站项目“芒市土壤肥料工作站徐高峰专家基层科研工作站”(20250244)

Allelopathic Effects of Brassica juncea (YRab2) Root Exudates on Four Invasive Weeds

LIU Xueling1,2(), LIANG Boquan1,2, YAO Bin2, YANG Yunhai2, ZHAN Che2, SHEN Shicai2, ZHANG Fudou2, YANG Shaosong2, ZHENG Fengping2, KONG Yan2, YUAN Jingjing2, YAN Peirui3, YAN Maopeng3, XU Gaofeng2()   

  1. 1 College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214
    2 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205
    3 Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
    4 Mangshi Soil and Fertilizer Workstation, Mangshi, Yunnan 678400
  • Received:2026-01-07 Revised:2026-03-04 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

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摘要：

本研究旨在评估芥菜型油菜(YRab2)根系分泌物对农田主要入侵杂草的化感潜力，为农田入侵杂草的生态治理提供科学依据。采用培养皿滤纸法，评估了油菜YRab2根系分泌物对小子虉草(Phalaris minor)、野燕麦(Avena fatua)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)4种入侵杂草种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明，在5~80 mL/株浓度范围内，油菜YRab2根系分泌物对4种杂草的发芽率(RI：-0.621~-0.008)、发芽指数(RI：-0.844~-0.039)、根长(RI：-0.865~-0.056)、茎长(RI：-0.824~ -0.021)及生物量(RI：-0.734~-0.063)的RI和SE值(SE：-0.761~-0.040)均小于0，且随处理浓度降低化感指数值逐渐增加；在5、10、20和40 mL/株浓度下，4种杂草的各项指标均显著低于对照(P<0.05)，其中以 5 mL/株处理抑制效果最强。表明油菜YRab2根系分泌物对4种入侵杂草的种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著化感抑制作用。毒力分析结果显示，油菜YRab2根系分泌物对不同杂草的种子萌发和幼苗生长的毒力存在差异。对牛膝菊的种子萌发（LC50发芽率8.023 mL/株，LC50发芽指数19.979 mL/株）和胜红蓟的幼苗生长（LC50根长21.292 mL/株，LC50茎长20.316 mL/株）的毒力高于其他入侵杂草，而对野燕麦的种子萌发和幼苗生长毒力最低。表明在相同浓度的根系分泌物处理下，牛膝菊的种子萌发和胜红蓟的幼苗生长受到的抑制更为明显。油菜YRab2根系分泌物对4种入侵杂草的种子萌发和幼苗生长均具有较高的化感抑制潜力，尤其对牛膝菊和胜红蓟具有高的毒力，显示出其在生态控草与绿色除草策略中的应用潜力。

关键词: 芥菜型油菜, 根系分泌物, 化感作用, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 毒力

Abstract:

This study aims to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Brassica juncea (YRab2) against dominant invasive weeds in agricultural systems, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the green and sustainable management of invasive weed species. This study employed the Petri dish filter paper method to assess the allelopathic effects of root exudates from Brassica juncea (YRab2) on seed germination and seedling growth of four invasive weed species: Phalaris minor, Avena fatua, Galinsoga parviflora, and Ageratum conyzoides. The allelopathic index (RI), comprehensive allelopathic effect (SE), and toxicity (LC50) values, were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that within the concentration range of 5 to 80 mL/plant, the root exudates of Brassica juncea (YRab2) significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the four invasive weed species. The allelopathic response, assessed through the relative inhibition index (RI), showed negative values across all measured parameters, including germination rate (RI: -0.621 to -0.008), germination index (RI: -0.844 to -0.039), root length (RI: -0.865 to -0.056), shoot length (RI: -0.824 to -0.021), and biomass (RI: -0.734 to -0.063), indicating consistent inhibitory effects. The comprehensive allelopathic effect (SE) also remained negative (range: -0.761 to -0.040). Notably, the magnitude of inhibition increased with decreasing concentration, suggesting a non-monotonic dose-response relationship. At concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL/plant, all parameters were significantly suppressed compared to the control (P<0.05), with the strongest inhibition observed at the lowest tested concentration (5 mL/plant). These results demonstrate that Brassica juncea (YRab2) root exudates exert a potent allelopathic inhibitory effect on both seed germination and early seedling development of the target weeds. Toxicity analysis revealed that the root exudates of v Brassica juncea (YRab2) exhibited differential inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth across the four invasive weed species. The lowest LC50 values, indicative of higher phytotoxicity, were observed for Galinsoga parviflora seed germination (LC50: 8.023 mL/plant for germination rate; 19.979 mL/plant for germination index) and Ageratum conyzoides seedling growth (LC50: 21.292 mL/plant for root length; 20.316 mL/plant for shoot length), suggesting greater sensitivity of these species to the exudates compared to others. In contrast, Avena fatua displayed the highest LC50 values, indicating the lowest susceptibility to both germination and growth inhibition. These findings demonstrate that, under equivalent concentrations of root exudate application, Galinsoga parviflora and Ageratum conyzoides experience more pronounced inhibitory effects, particularly in early developmental stages. The root exudates of Brassica juncea (YRab2) exhibit strong allelopathic inhibitory potential against both seed germination and seedling growth of four invasive weed species. Notably, they show pronounced phytotoxic effects on Galinsoga parviflora and Ageratum conyzoides, highlighting their promise for application in ecological weed management and sustainable, non-chemical control strategies. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the green and environmentally sustainable governance of invasive weeds in agricultural systems.

Key words: Brassica juncea, root exudates, allelopathy, seed germination, seedling growth, toxicity

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