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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 83-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0449

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

适应华北城市环境的苔藓人工栽培和扩繁技术研究

王英泽(), 王雨翡, 李伟豪, 李玥雯, 王玉婷()   

  1. 河北师范大学生命科学学院/河北省生态环境协同创新中心， 石家庄 050024
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2026-01-15 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    王玉婷，女，1985年出生，河北衡水人，副教授，博士，研究方向为苔藓植物学。通信地址：050024 河北省石家庄市裕华区南二环东路20号 河北师范大学生命科学学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王英泽，男，1999年出生，河北邢台人，硕士研究生，研究方向为苔藓植物学。通信地址：050024 河北省石家庄市裕华区南二环东路20号 河北师范大学生命科学学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目“苔藓植物miRNA的作用机制及进化意义”(QN2019116); 2025年大学生创新创业训练计划“适应城市环境的苔藓的人工栽培和扩繁技术研究”(X202310094008)

Research on Artificial Cultivation and Propagation Techniques of Bryophytes Adapted to Urban Environments in North China

WANG Yingze(), WANG Yufei, LI Weihao, LI Yuewen, WANG Yuting()   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University/Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Shijiazhuang 050024
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

苔藓植物因独特的吸水能力、抗逆性和低维护需求，在城市绿化中有巨大的应用潜力。选取在华北地区分布较广泛的苔藓植物多褶青藓(Brachythecium buchananii)、薄囊藓(Leptobryum pyriforme)和地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)为实验材料，探究移植方式、基质厚度和封闭状态等对苔藓盖度的影响，以筛选适用于华北地区城市绿化的苔藓种类并探究其栽培条件。结果表明，与片状移植相比，碎片移植的3种苔藓盖度增长速度和幅度均显著更高。相同培养周期下，3种苔藓在3.0 cm厚基质中的盖度都显著高于在1.5 cm厚基质，且在1.5 cm厚基质中只有青藓存活，而另外2种苔藓均在培养72 d后死亡。3种苔藓植物在封闭培养时的盖度增加显著高于开放培养。在配制基质和浇水时使用去离子水培养效果显著好于使用静置后的自来水。因此，在城市绿化中，建议扩繁时使用碎片移植，并保证基质厚度，使用去离子水制备基质和浇水，并且采用封闭培养方式来提高苔藓生长速度和覆盖率。在物种选择方面，建议在干燥区域或土层较薄的环境中优先选择青藓做绿化物种，而水分充足的环境优先选择地钱。未来可结合基质配方优化、室外露地试验，深化苔藓抗逆生理机制，为城市规模化绿化应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 人工栽培, 移植方式, 基质厚度, 水质, 封闭培养, 盖度

Abstract:

Bryophytes have great application potential in urban greening due to their unique water absorption capacity, stress resistance and low maintenance requirements. To explore the species and cultivation conditions of bryophytes suitable for urban greening in North China, the mosses Brachythecium buchananii, Leptobryum pyriforme and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which are widely distributed in North China, were selected as experimental materials. The effects of cultivation conditions such as transplanting methods, substrate thickness and covered culture conditions on their coverage were studied. Compared to patch transplantation, the growth rate and magnitude of the coverage of the three bryophytes propagated by fragments were significantly higher. After the same period of cultivation, the coverage of the bryophytes in the substrate with a thickness of 3.0 cm was significantly higher than that in the substrate with a thickness of 1.5 cm. Moreover, only the B. buchananii survived in the substrate with a thickness of 1.5 cm, while the other two bryophytes died after 72 days of culturing. All three bryophytes showed a significantly higher increase in coverage under closed culture than that under open culture. Using deionized water for substrate preparation and irrigation resulted in significantly better growth status of the three bryophytes than using standing tap water. Therefore, for urban greening, it is recommended to use fragments for propagation, ensure appropriate substrate thickness, use deionized water for substrate preparation and irrigation, and implement closed culture to improve growth rate and coverage of bryophytes. For species selection, priority should be given to B. buchananii for greening in arid areas or environments with thin soil layers, while M. polymorpha is preferred in moisture-sufficient environments. In the future, it can be combined with matrix formula optimization and outdoor open field test to deepen the research of physiological mechanism of moss stress resistance and provide technical support for large-scale urban greening applications.

Key words: bryophytes, artificial cultivation, transplanting method, substrate thickness, water quality, closed culture, coverage