去顶芽处理对蓝莓枝条下部节位成花坐果的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0978

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开发有效的成花调控技术对提高蓝莓产量具有重要意义，本研究通过探讨轻度顶端优势抑制对蓝莓生殖生长的调控作用，旨在为优化蓝莓花果管理技术提供理论依据。以‘杰兔’蓝莓为试验材料，开展2次重复试验，对比去顶芽(topping)和对照（不去顶芽，non-topping）处理下枝条下部节位的成花坐果表现，并分析对应节位叶片中成花关键基因VcFT和VcFT-like的表达动态。结果显示：花量、成花率、坐果数和坐果率均随节位下移呈递减趋势。去顶芽处理组的花量与成花率均显著高于对照组，且在两次试验中表现稳定。成花节位数、坐果数和坐果率存在年际差异，第1次试验去顶芽处理显著增加成花节位数但坐果较差，而第2次试验坐果率和坐果数显著提升。基因表达分析结果显示，VcFT基因表达量随成花诱导进程逐步上升，去顶芽处理组中上升幅度更大，且表达高峰随节位下移有所推迟；VcFT-like基因仅在诱导起始期表达较高，随后持续下降，至中后期几乎不表达，处理间差异不明显。综上，轻度去顶芽处理可有效促进蓝莓枝条下部节位的花芽形成与花量提升，但其对坐果的促进效果可能受环境条件和管理水平等因素制约，年度间稳定性不足。研究表明，VcFT基因在蓝莓成花诱导中发挥正向调控作用，其表达受去顶芽处理与节位影响，VcFT-like基因则可能参与成花诱导的早期阶段。本研究揭示了轻度去顶芽处理可促进蓝莓枝条下部节位的花芽形成，为蓝莓花果管理中优化修剪策略提供了理论依据。

关键词: 蓝莓, 去顶芽处理, 成花, 坐果, 节位, 基因表达

Abstract:

The development of effective flowering regulation techniques is of great significance for improving blueberry yield. This study investigated the regulatory effects of mild apical dominance suppression on reproductive growth in blueberries, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing flowering and fruiting management practices. Two consecutive trials were conducted using ‘Premier’ blueberry as plant material, with apical bud removal (topping) and non-removal (non-topping, the control) treatments. Morphological observation, statistical analysis, and quantitative PCR were employed to systematically compare flowering and fruiting performance in lower shoot nodes and to analyze the expression dynamics of key flowering-related genes VcFT and VcFT-like in corresponding leaves. The results showed that flower number, flowering rate, fruit setting number, and fruit setting rate all decreased progressively with lower node positions. Among these, flower number and flowering rate were consistent across both trials, and the flowering rate of topping group was consistently higher than that of the control. However, the number of flowering nodes, fruit setting number, and fruit setting rate showed annual variation: topping significantly increased the number of flowering nodes in the first trial but led to poorer fruit setting, whereas the second trial showed significantly improved fruit setting rate and fruit setting number in the topping group. Gene expression analysis indicated that VcFT expression increased progressively during floral induction, with a more pronounced increase under topping treatment and a delayed expression peak in lower nodes. In contrast, the expression of VcFT-like was high only at the initial stage of induction, then declined continuously and was nearly undetectable at mid-to-late phases, with no significant differences between the two treatments. In conclusion, topping treatment effectively promotes flower bud formation and increases flower number in lower nodes of blueberry branches. However, its effect on fruit setting may be constrained by environmental conditions and management practices, leading to inconsistent results between years. VcFT plays a positive regulatory role in floral induction, influenced by topping treatment and node position, while VcFT-like may be involved mainly in the early stage of floral induction. These findings reveal that mild apical bud removal promotes flower bud formation at lower nodes on blueberry branches, providing a theoretical reference for flowering and fruit setting regulation in blueberry.

Key words: blueberry, topping, flowering, fruit setting, node, gene expression

卢星谕, 文壮, 吴丽婷, 崔玲艳, 刘雅兰, 杨芩. 去顶芽处理对蓝莓枝条下部节位成花坐果的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(5): 69-76.

LU Xingyu, WEN Zhuang, WU Liting, CUI Lingyan, LIU Yalan, YANG Qin. Effect of Topping on Flowering and Fruit Setting in Lower Nodes of Blueberry Shoots[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 69-76.

图/表 5

名称	基因ID号	正向引物(5’→3’)	反向引物(5’→3’)
VcGAPDH	VaccDscaff35-augustus-gene-276.34	TGAGAAAGAATACAAGCCAGAT	CAGGCAACACCTTACCAA
VcACT7	VaccDscaff38-augustus-gene-112.28	GAGAGATTCAGATGCCCAGAAG	GGACAATGGATGGACCAGATT
VcFT	VaccDscaff17-augustus-gene-209.31	CGCATTCGTGTTGTTCCA	TATCAGCGTCGTCGTCCT
VcFT-like	VaccDscaff19-augustus-gene-97.26	TTTGGACAAGAGGTGGTG	GTTGGCAGTTGAAGTAGGTAG

表1. 荧光定量PCR引物序列

图1. 去顶芽处理对蓝莓枝条下部成花节位数的影响 (a)2022—2023年去顶芽处理试验的成花节位数（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为30、26）；(b)2023—2024年去顶芽处理试验的成花节位数（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为55、68）；**表示2个处理之间存在极显著差异(p<0.01)

图2. 去顶芽处理对蓝莓枝条下部节位成花的影响 (a)2022—2023年去顶芽处理试验的成花率（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为3、3）；(b)2023—2024年去顶芽处理试验的成花率（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为4、5）；(c)2022—2023年去顶芽处理试验的花量（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为30、26）；(d)2023—2024年去顶芽处理试验的花量（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为55、68）。图中左上角各因素p值以及线段上的小写字母为双因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan’s多重比较结果，不同小写字母表示各节位间有显著差异；*、**、***分别表示Student’s t检验中各节位的对照与去顶芽处理之间存在显著差异(p<0.05)与极显著差异(p<0.01, p<0.001)，图3同。

图3. 去顶芽处理对蓝莓枝条下部节位坐果的影响 (a)2022—2023年去顶芽处理试验的坐果数（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为30、26）；(b)2023—2024年去顶芽处理试验的坐果数（对照与去顶芽处理的重复数分别为55，68）；(c)2022—2023年去顶芽处理试验的坐果率（对照处理的节位2、3、4、5重复数分别为30、28、25、23，去顶芽处理的节位2、3、4、5重复数分别为26、26、26、23）；(d)2023—2024年去顶芽处理试验的坐果率（对照处理的节位2、3、4、5重复数分别为50、49、34、32，去顶芽处理的节位2、3、4、5重复数分别为68、65、52、31）

图4. 成花关键基因VcFT、VcFT-like的差异表达 (a)VcFT基因在成花诱导期间不去顶芽与去顶芽的蓝莓枝条下部节位叶片中的表达量热图；(b)VcFT-like基因在成花诱导期间不去顶芽与去顶芽的蓝莓枝条下部节位叶片中的表达量热图；non-topping：对照，不去顶芽处理；topping：去顶芽处理；node：节位；0 d、30 d、60 d、90 d，分别对应蓝莓成花诱导起始期、前期、中期、后期

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