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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 75-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0272

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

蜂群群势和摆放位置对温室油桃授粉效果的影响

李立新1(), 张越2, 雷佳1, 武文卿1, 宋怀磊1, 申晋山1, 马卫华1()   

  1. 1 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,太原 030031
    2 山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 通讯作者:
    马卫华,女,1977年出生,山西翼城人,研究员,博士,主要从事蜜蜂授粉及其生物学研究工作。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李立新,女,1966年出生,山西太原人,副研究员,主要从事蜜蜂授粉研究工作。通信地址:030031 山西省太原市许坦东街21号园艺研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)建设任务书(CARS-44-KXJ22)

Influences of Honeybee Colony Population and Beehive Location on Nectarine Pollination Effects in Greenhouse

LI Lixin1(), ZHANG Yue2, LEI Jia1, WU Wenqing1, SONG Huailei1, SHEN Jinshan1, MA Weihua1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031
    2 College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-08-12 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

摘要:

为明确温室油桃授粉的最佳蜜蜂密度和蜂箱摆放位置,于2019年在山西省新绛县万安镇油桃温室开展试验,供试蜜蜂品种为意大利蜜蜂,供试油桃品种为‘油桃99-2’,对不同脾数和不同摆放位置的访花蜜蜂数量与坐果率进行了调查。结果显示:5脾、4脾和3脾蜂的访花蜜蜂数量分别为126只、56只和47只;采用4脾和5脾蜜蜂授粉后,油桃坐果率较3脾蜜蜂授粉后分别提高了6.71%和8.06%;访花蜜蜂数与蜜蜂脾数呈正相关关系;距离蜂箱越近的果树,蜜蜂的访花次数越多,距离蜂箱越远的果树,蜜蜂访花次数越少。研究表明,在860 m2的温室油桃授粉中,最佳蜜蜂群势为4脾蜜蜂,将蜂箱放置在温室中部,可以实现最佳的授粉效果,达到在控制投入成本的情况下最大限度地提高油桃的坐果率。研究旨在为设施油桃蜜蜂科学授粉提供参考数据。

关键词: 意大利蜜蜂, 油桃, 脾数, 蜂群摆放, 访花蜜蜂数量, 坐果率, 设施油桃, 蜜蜂授粉

Abstract:

In order to determine the optimum honeybee density and the location of beehives for nectarine pollination in greenhouse, the experiment was carried out in a nectarine greenhouse in Wan'an Town, Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province In 2019, with the Apis mellifera ligustica as the test bee variety and ‘nectarine 99-2’ as the test nectarine variety. The number of honeybee visiting-flower and fruit setting rate with different comb counts and beehive locations in greenhouse were investigated. The results showed that the number of honeybee visiting-flower from the colonies of 5 combs, 4 combs and 3 combs were 126, 56 and 47 honeybees, respectively. Compared with 3 combs colony, the fruit setting rates of nectarine pollinated by 4 combs and 5 combs colonies increased by 6.71% and 8.06%, respectively. The number of visiting-flower honeybee was positively correlated with the comb number in colony, and the linear equation was y=6.5944x-13.6778. The closer to the hive, the more bees visit the flowers, and the farther away from the hive, the fewer bees visit the flowers. This study showed that 4 combs colony was suitable for pollinate nectarines in an 860 m2 greenhouse, and the hives should be placed in the middle of the greenhouse.

Key words: Apis mellifera ligustica, Prunus persica var. nectarina, comb number, beehive location, honeybees visiting-flowers, fruit setting rate, facility peaches, bee pollination