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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (16): 72-76.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100113

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工控梢提高初投产期‘东魁’杨梅坐果率的研究

颜丽菊1,马志方2,林公标3,朱潇婷1,蒋 芯1   

  1. (1浙江省临海市特产技术推广总站,浙江临海 317000；2浙江省临海市尤溪镇农业综合服务中心,浙江临海 317025；3浙江省临海市白水洋镇农业综合服务中心,浙江临海 317031）
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-26 修回日期:2016-05-18 接受日期:2016-01-22 出版日期:2016-06-17 发布日期:2016-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 马志方
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项“杨梅产业化关键技术研究与示范”(201203089)；浙江省果品农业新品种选育重大科技专项“杨梅新品种选育及良种繁育技术研究”(2012C12904-3)；浙江省临海市水果首席专家项目“杨梅绿色防控技术研究与推广”(2012126)。

Improving Fruit Setting Rate by Artificial Shooting of Myrica rubra ‘Dongkui’

Yan Liju1, Ma Zhifang2, Lin Gongbiao3, Zhu Xiaoting1, Jiang Xin1   

  1. (1Linhai Specialty Technology Promotion Station, Linhai Zhejiang 317000;2The Agricultural Service Center of Youxi Town, Linhai Zhejiang 317025;3Comprehensive Agricultural Service Centre of Baishuiyang Town, Linhai Zhejiang 317031)
  • Received:2015-10-26 Revised:2016-05-18 Accepted:2016-01-22 Online:2016-06-17 Published:2016-06-17

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摘要： 为研究人工控梢对初投产期‘东魁’杨梅坐果率的影响，2013年开始，对初投产期‘东魁’杨梅不同时期、不同花枝（结果枝）类型的坐果情况以及落花落果动态进行调查，并在此基础上，进行‘东魁’杨梅人工控梢保果试验。结果表明：初投产‘东魁’杨梅以春梢花枝坐果率最高，达8.8%~9.16%，春夏二次梢花枝次之，平均坐果率达7.02%~8.37%，夏梢花枝再次之，为2.22%~6.67%，秋梢花枝最低，为0~2.06%；落花落果主要集中在谢花后半个月内，此期落花落果率达80.6%~100%；而人工控梢（摘心、抹芽）可显著提高初投产‘东魁’杨梅的坐果率，尤以花枝上抽发的新梢留基部0.3 cm摘心坐果率最高，平均达16.338%，花枝上抽发的新梢全部抹除的次之，平均坐果率达12.25%，显著高于对照(2.18%)。研究表明：新梢抽发长度与坐果率呈负相关，人工摘心、抹芽适合于初投产期‘东魁’杨梅的保果，可在生产上推广应用。

关键词: 香菇, 香菇, 成膜, 加工工艺, 风味, 包装

Abstract: To study the effect of artificial shooting on fruit setting rate of Myrica rubra ‘Dongkui’, the dynamic rules of fruit setting and flower and fruit dropping of different flower branches were investigated in different periods from 2013. Then the effects of artificial shooting on fruit retention were studied. The results showed that the highest rate of fruit setting of 8.8%-9.16% was obtained on spring shoots, followed by the spring-summer secondary shoot with an average fruit setting rate of 7.02%-8.37%, and summer shoots with an average fruit setting rate of 2.22%-6.67%, and the lowest was autumn shoots with a setting rate of only 0-2.06%. The flower and fruit drop peaked half month after the initiation of flower drop, with a drop rate of 80.6%-100%. Artificial shooting (top removal and shoot erasing) of Myrica rubra ‘Dongkui’ could greatly improve its fruit setting rate, among which pinching (preserving basal part with a length of 0.3 cm) had the highest fruit setting rate of 16.338%, followed by those with a total removal of young sprouts of the flower branch, which had a fruit setting rate of 12.25%, all were significantly higher than that of control (2.18%). The study revealed that the length of new shoot and fruit setting rate were negatively correlated, and top removal and shoot erasing showed significant effect on the fruit retention of Myrica rubra ‘Dongkui’ on early commissioning period, and the technique was suitable for production.