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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 76-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0836

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

3种农业废弃物对苏打盐碱荒地改良效果的研究

王丽娜1,2(), 齐国超1, 任翠梅1,2, 顾鑫1, 张宏宇1, 王迪1,2, 芮海英1   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院， 黑龙江大庆 163316
    2 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心大庆试验站， 黑龙江大庆 163316
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:

    王丽娜，女，1983年出生，黑龙江呼兰人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：盐碱地改良及综合利用。通信地址：163316 黑龙江省大庆市高新区兴化街84号 省农科院大庆分院，Tel：0459-6031176，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业关键技术重点攻关项目“苏打盐碱土改良技术集成与示范”(CX23GG09); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“苏打盐碱土功能微生物的挖掘及应用”(CZKYF2024-1-C005)

Study on Improvement Effects of Three Agricultural Wastes on Soda Saline-alkali Wasteland

WANG Lina1,2(), QI Guochao1, REN Cuimei1,2, GU Xin1, ZHANG Hongyu1, WANG Di1,2, RUI Haiying1   

  1. 1 Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316
    2 Daqing Experimental Station of National Technical Innovation Center for the Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316
  • Received:2025-09-25 Revised:2026-03-11 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

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摘要：

为探究农业废弃物在盐碱荒地上的改良效果以达到科学应用，本研究选择糠醛渣、醋渣、菌渣3种农业废弃物，采用随机大区试验施用于苏打盐碱荒地上，通过分析土壤的理化性质、土壤细菌群落结构特征以及地上植株的生物量的变化，综合评价3种改良剂的应用效果。研究表明：糠醛渣、醋渣、菌渣的施用能够提升土壤的含水量、降低土壤紧实度和土壤容重，对土壤物理改良效果由优至良的顺序为醋渣>糠醛渣>菌渣；对土壤化学性质的改良表现为糠醛渣能够有效的降低土壤酸碱度至pH 7.86，碱化度降至3.58%，有机质提升至36.00 g/kg，而醋渣、菌渣与对照比较提高了土壤pH和碱化度，降低土壤有机质含量；3种改良剂的施用降低了土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性，改变土壤的优势菌门组成，提高假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)的相对丰度、降低酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的相对丰度，糠醛渣的施用提高了田菁干物质量至13406.7 kg/hm2，优于醋渣、菌渣处理。综合评价显示，糠醛渣改良盐碱荒地的效果优于醋渣、菌渣。

关键词: 农业废弃物, 盐碱荒地, 改良效果, 碱化度, 丰富度, 多样性

Abstract:

To explore the improvement effect of agricultural wastes on saline-alkali wasteland for scientific application, this study selected three agricultural wastes, namely furfural residue, vinegar residue and bacterial residue. Random large-area plot experiment was conducted by applying them to soda saline-alkali wasteland. The application effects of the three amendments were comprehensively evaluated by measuring the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the structural characteristics of soil bacterial communities, and the biomass of aboveground plants. The results showed that the application of furfural residue, vinegar residue and bacterial residue could increase soil water content, reduce soil compactness and soil bulk density. The order of improvement effect from best to good was vinegar residue > furfural residue > bacterial residue. Furfural residue could effectively reduce the soil to pH 7.86, reduce the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) to 3.58%, and increase the organic matter to 36.00 g/kg. In contrast, vinegar residue and bacterial residue increased the soil pH and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and reduced the soil organic matter content compared with the control. The application of the three amendments reduced the richness and diversity of soil bacteria, changed the composition of dominant bacterial phyla, increased the relative abundance of soil Pseudomonadota, but decreased that of soil Acidobacteriota. The application of furfural residue increased the dry matter content of Sesbania sesban to 13406.7 kg/hm2. Comprehensively, the effect of furfural residue on improving saline-alkali wasteland was better than that of vinegar residue and bacterial residue.

Key words: agricultural wastes, saline-alkali wasteland, improvement effect, exchangeable sodium percentage, richness, diversity

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