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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (25): 277-282.

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

准确速判‘巴西蕉’果实成熟度方法研究

王南南 樊小林 刘延涛 刘庆虎   

  • 收稿日期:2011-03-14 修回日期:2011-04-10 出版日期:2011-10-05 发布日期:2011-10-05
  • 基金资助:

    国家香蕉产业技术体系建设项目;国家自然科学基金

SStudy on a Quick and Accurate Method to Forecast Maturity of Brazilian Cavendish Banana

  • Received:2011-03-14 Revised:2011-04-10 Online:2011-10-05 Published:2011-10-05

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摘要：

以‘巴西蕉’组培苗为试材，于大田条件下，分别在反梳期、膨大前期、膨大后期、采收期测定2种供肥模式下果穗各梳的农艺性状（指长、指围、指重）和鲜果肉皮比，且自抽蕾后定期观测抽蕾率和收获率，试图探寻一种判断‘巴西蕉’果实成熟度之简便易行的定量方法。结果表明：随着果实生长，‘巴西蕉’指长、指围、指重和鲜果肉皮比不断增大；果梳之间指长和指重变异大，指围变异小，施肥对指长、指围和指重都有显著影响，故指长、指围和指重不宜作为评判‘巴西蕉’果实成熟度的指标；供肥模式对‘巴西蕉’采收时间有较大影响，但采收期‘巴西蕉’第1~3梳及第4~6梳鲜果肉皮比，无论在梳间还是施肥处理间均无显著差异，故这2组果梳的鲜果肉皮比可以用于判断‘巴西蕉’果实成熟度。其定量指标为：当第1~3梳外层果指鲜果肉皮比达1.65，或第4~6梳外层果指鲜果肉皮比达1.54时，判定‘巴西蕉’果实成熟度达75%。

关键词: 肥料, 肥料, 污染, 丹麦, 经验

Abstract:

Under two different kinds of nutrient management systems, a field experiment by taking tissue-cultured plant of Brazilian Cavendish banana (Musa AAA Giant Cavendish ‘Brazil’) as seedling was conducted to establish a fast and accurately quantitative method to forecast the fruit maturity by determination and comparison of finger length, girth and fresh weight as well as the ratio of peel to pulp of every hand per fruit bunch, and by observation the percentage of inflorescence emergence and harvested plants of every treatment at weekly intervals. The results showed that the finger length of banana increased progressively with time, and the same were true for the finger girth, weight and ratio of pulp to peel in fresh weight. The finger length and weight appeared to be variable among hands, but the finger girth stable, which all were significantly affected by nutrient management system and could not be used to forecast maturity of Brazilian Cavendish banana. The date of harvest was considerably influenced by the nutrient management system as well. However, there was no significant difference of the ratio of pulp to peel at harvest either among the 1st to 3rd hands or among the 4th to 6th hands under both nutrient management systems. Therefore, the ratio value of pulp to peel could be used as a quantitative index to judge the fruit maturity of Brazilian Cavendish banana. When the average ratio value reached either 1.65 for the 1st to 3rd hands or 1.54 for the 4th to 6th hands, the 75% fruit maturity was obtained.