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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 144-148.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1385

所属专题： 马铃薯

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植时期地膜覆盖对木薯出苗率和产量的影响

林洪鑫,刘仁根,肖运萍,袁展汽   

  1. 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所
  • 收稿日期:2014-05-14 修回日期:2015-01-25 接受日期:2014-06-27 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 林洪鑫
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项 “国家木薯产业技术体系南昌综合试验站” (CARS-12-jxyzq)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Germination Rate and Yield of Cassava Planting Period

  • Received:2014-05-14 Revised:2015-01-25 Accepted:2014-06-27 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-03-19

摘要： 为提出江西本地窖藏木薯种茎的出窖适宜时间及种植方法。试验于2011—2013年，设计地膜覆盖和露地方式，分别于2月下旬至4月中旬出窖，每10天种植1期，研究了木薯种茎质量变化、种茎出苗率、农艺性状、鲜薯淀粉含量和产量的差异。结果表明，2月下旬至3月上旬木薯出窖种植易受气温和降雨的影响，降雨量过大，温度过低均不适宜出窖种植，出苗率均值为45.67%。3月中下旬出窖种植的出苗率高，均值为95.38%，中旬种植的产量高于下旬，地膜覆盖高于露地。而4月上中旬种植的出苗率虽高，但木薯种茎芽点完好率低，用种量大。采用地膜覆盖方式，鲜薯淀粉含量和收获指数降低，薯数增加，薯粗和茎粗增粗，株高增高，最终木薯鲜薯产量增加。江西及同等纬度区域，本地窖藏木薯种茎3月中旬适宜出窖，采用地膜覆盖种植优于露地方式。

关键词: 高岭石, 高岭石, 酸化高岭石, 铬, 氨, 氟, 吸附模型

Abstract: The research aims to find a suitable pick up time and planting method for local cache seed-stem in Jiangxi province. With the design of plastic film mulching and open field cultivation methods, taking every 10 days of planting as one period from late- February to mid- April, the differences of quality change and germination rate of cassava seed-stem, agronomic traits, starch content and yield of fresh root were studied in 2011-2013. The results showed that seed-stem germination rate of cassava that planted in late-February to early-March and picked up from cellar was easily affected by the temperature and rainfall, and too much rainfall and too low temperature were not suitable for seedling, the mean germination rate was 45.67%. Seedstem germination rate were high in mid and late march，the mean germination rate was 95.38%. In early and mid April, there was a high germination rate, but the seed-stem intact rate was low, and needed a large amount of seed-stems. The plastic film mulching cultivation method, although starch content and fresh root harvest index decreased, could increase tuber number, tuber diameter thickening, stem diameter thickening, plant height and fresh root yield. In Jiangxi province and the same latitude area, suitable time for the local storage of cassava stem was in mid march, and mulching planting was better than the open field cultivation.