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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 16-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1952

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻不同基因型品种养分吸收特性

刘淑军,秦道珠,黄平娜,梁海军,万俊,黄晶   

  1. 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤站,中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站,中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站,祁阳县农业局,湖南农业大学资源环境学院,中国农业科学院红壤实验站
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-15 修回日期:2014-07-15 接受日期:2014-08-18 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘淑军
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IARRP-2013-7，IARRP-2014-9)；国家现代农业产业建设专项资助(CARS-01-68)。

Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Different Rice Genotype Varieties

qin dao-zhu,,, and   

  • Received:2014-07-15 Revised:2014-07-15 Accepted:2014-08-18 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-03-19

摘要： 为选出适合南方稻区种植的高产、高效水稻品种，采用大田实验，以南方稻区8种水稻类别的56个水稻品种为材料，研究在相同施肥条件下不同基因型水稻品种生育过程中氮、磷、钾吸收特性，及其产量的差异。结果表明：水稻干物质和磷、钾的累积主要集中在分蘖盛期—齐穗期阶段，氮素累积集中在苗期—分蘖盛期、分蘖盛期—齐穗期这2个阶段；两系晚熟的稻谷、稻草产量和氮、磷累积总量最高，两系早熟的钾累积总量最高，分别比最低的常规早熟增加101.2%、40.9%、85.0%、48.1%、47.5%。随着生育期延长，同一系列水稻的稻谷产量和氮素累积量呈逐渐增加的趋势。稻谷产量和各个生育阶段的氮、磷、钾累积量的相关性以分蘖盛期—齐穗期最强。两系早熟的养分利用效率最低，每生产100 kg稻谷需要N、P2O5、K2O 2.15 kg、0.53 kg、3.61 kg，三系中熟的氮、磷养分利用效率最高，钾以三系晚熟最高。综上所述，适合在南方稻区种植的高产、高效品种为两系晚熟和三系中熟，同时在水稻生育过程中保证分蘖盛期—齐穗期的养分供应，就能提高水稻产量。

关键词: 品质, 品质

Abstract: The study aims to select high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in Southern China. A field experiment was conducted with 56 rice genotypes of 8 rice categories under the same fertilizer application in south China rice production regions. N, P, K absorption characteristics of different rice varieties in growth process and yield differences were analyzed. The results showed that: the accumulation of rice dry matter and P, K mainly concentrated in the period of tillering - full heading, N accumulation concentrated in the two periods of seedling-tillering and tillering-full heading. The grain yield, straw yield, total N, P accumulation of two-line late-maturing rice type and the total K accumulation of two-line earlymaturing rice type were the highest, increased by 101.2%, 40.9%, 85.0%, 48.1%, 47.5% compared with conventional early-maturing rice, which was the lowest. The grain yield and N accumulation of the same series of rice increased with the extension of the growth duration. In the period of tillering-full heading, the rice yield had the highest correlation with each period of the total N, P, K accumulation. The nutrient use efficiency of two-line early-maturing rice type was the lowest, for producing every 100 kg rice with N of 2.15 kg, P2O5 of 0.53 kg and K2O of 3.61 kg. The N, P nutrient use efficiency of three-line medium-maturing rice type was the highest, and the highest K nutrient use efficiency was three-line late-maturing rice type. In conclusion, the high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in southern China was two-line latematuring rice type and three-line medium-maturing rice type, and nutrient supply at tillering -full heading stage during the rice growing period could improve rice yield.