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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (17): 42-50.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120127

所属专题: 烟草种植与生产

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

翻压绿肥对黑龙江烤烟产质量的影响

王昊1,2,3, 贺国强4(), 王树声2(), 吴志娟5, 姚远1, 金康6   

  1. 1 黑龙江省烟草公司哈尔滨烟叶公司,哈尔滨 150001
    2 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛 266101
    3 中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081
    4 牡丹江烟草科学研究所,哈尔滨 150076
    5 哈尔滨烟叶公司肇东烟叶分公司,黑龙江肇东 151100
    6 华环国际烟草有限公司,安徽滁州 233121
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-29 修回日期:2019-07-02 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 贺国强,王树声
  • 作者简介:王昊,男,1987年出生,黑龙江青冈人,助理农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向为烟草栽培生理与调制技术。通信地址:150001 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中山路175号 黑龙江省烟草公司哈尔滨烟叶公司生产管理科,Tel:0451-82801992,E-mail:hljycwanghao@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司科技项目资助“提高龙江重点烟区烟叶工业可用性关键技术研究与开发”(HN201603);中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司科技项目资助“提高龙江重点烟区烟叶工业可用性关键技术研究与开发”(20182300002700081)

Effects of Turn-over Green Manure on the Quality and Economic Value of Flue-cured Tobacco in Heilongjiang

Wang Hao1,2,3, He Guoqiang4(), Wang Shusheng2(), Wu Zhijuan5, Yao Yuan1, Jin Kang6   

  1. 1 Harbin Tobacco Company of Heilongjiang Tobacco Company, Harbin 150001
    2 Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS/ Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Shandong 266101
    3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    4 Mudanjiang Tobacco Science Research Institute, Harbin 150076
    5 Zhaodong Tobacco Branch of Harbin Tobacco Company, Zhaodong Heilongjiang 151100
    6 Hua Huan International Tobacco Co., Ltd, Chuzhou Anhui 233121
  • Received:2018-12-29 Revised:2019-07-02 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-09
  • Contact: He Guoqiang,Wang Shusheng

摘要:

为探讨翻压绿肥对黑龙江烤烟品质改善及经济价值提升的作用,研究套种4种绿肥并翻压后对烤烟产质量的影响。在烤烟采收后将绿肥就地翻压腐解,并于第2年测定种植烤烟后烤烟理化指标及内在和外在质量品质的改善情况。结果表明:7月末套种绿肥对烤烟当年主要经济性状和化学成分影响较小,但翻压后能改善烟叶化学成分协调性,其中烟碱降低10.55%,总氮降低33.54%,氮碱比降低25.93%,总糖增加8.59%,还原糖变化不明显,糖碱比增加21.41%,钾增加12.50%,氯降低12.00%;可提高烟叶外观质量,烤后叶片成熟度好、结构疏松、有油分、身份中等;烤烟单叶重提高15.46%,叶片厚度降低17.86%,含梗率降低5.93%;烤烟香气质、香气量和余味增加,杂气降低,感官评吸得到改善;致香成分中类胡萝卜素物质降解提高12.95%,芳香族氨基酸物质降解提高20.76%,西伯烷类物质降解提高9.59%,美拉德反应变化不明显;上等烟比例提高35.59%,每公顷产量提高5.65%,每公顷产值提高14.61%,烤烟经济形状得到提升。以烤烟套种草木樨或小麦的效果最好。

关键词: 绿肥, 烤烟, 品质, 经济价值

Abstract:

To explore the improvement effect of turn-over green manure on the quality and economic value of flue-cured tobacco in Heilongjiang, this paper selected four types of green manure to turn down to study the effects. The green manure was decomposed on the spot after the harvest of flue-cured tobacco, and the physical and chemical indexes, the internal and external quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco were measured in the second year. The results showed that, at the end of July, interplanting green manure had little effect on the main economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, but the turn-over green manure could improve the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, among which the nicotine was decreased by 10.55%, the total nitrogen was decreased by 33.54%, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine was decreased by 25.93%, the total sugar was increased by 8.59%, the change of reducing sugar was not obvious, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine was increased by 21.41%, the content of potassium ions and chloride ions were increased by 12.50% and 12.00% respectively. Under the turn-over green manure, the leaf of flue-cured tobacco had good maturity, loose structure, high oil content and medium status. The weight of single leaf was increased by 15.46%, the leaf thickness was decreased by 17.86% and the ratio of tobacco stem to leaf was decreased by 5.93%. The species, content and aftertaste of the aroma were improved when the flue-cured tobacco was burned. The turn-over green manure could improve the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, the decomposition and transformation degree of carotenoids was increased by 12.95%, the conversion of aromatic amino acids was increased by 20.76%, the decomposition and transformation of Xibo-Alkanes was increased by 9.59%, the change of nonenzymatic browning was not obvious. The turn-over green manure could increase the production and economic value of flue-cured tobacco, among which the proportion of prime tobacco was increased by 35.59%, the production per hectare was increased by 5.65%, and the economic value per hectare was increased by 14.61%. Interplanting sweet clover and wheat has the best effect.

Key words: green manure, flue-cured tobacco, quality, economic value

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