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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (20): 153-158.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500176

所属专题： 园艺

• 农业信息·科技教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省甜菜种植与比较效益调查分析

卢秉福1, 张文彬1, 刘晓雪2, 吴艳玲3, 周艳丽1, 刘娜1   

  1. 1黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨 150080
    2北京工商大学经济学院,北京 100048
    3黑龙江大学经济与工商管理学院,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-22 修回日期:2019-08-23 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 作者简介:卢秉福,男,1963年出生,吉林梅河口人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为甜菜产业经济与甜菜生产机械化。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市学府路74号,Tel：0451-86604906,E-mail：lubingfu@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项“糖料产业经济”资助(CARS-170601)

Planting and Comparative Benefit of Sugar Beet in Heilongjiang: Investigation and Analysis

Lu Bingfu1, Zhang Wenbin1, Liu Xiaoxue2, Wu Yanling3, Zhou Yanli1, Liu Na1   

  1. 1Crops Institute of Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
    2School of Economics of Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048
    3School of Economics and Business Administration of Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2019-05-22 Revised:2019-08-23 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-20

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摘要：

中国甜菜制糖产业肇始于黑龙江省,至今已有超过100年的历史。调查发现在黑龙江省主要旱田农作物中,甜菜种植效益最好,分别比种植马铃薯、玉米、大豆增加收入2.38%、60.85%、75.48%;甜菜种植面积户均15.62 hm2,种植密度平均为5.93万株/hm2,轮作年限在4年以上;甜菜种植劳动力主要以雇工为主,土地以流转租赁为主,品种多为国外进口的丸化或包衣种,肥料以专用肥居多,普遍使用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂,甜菜机械化程度较高。甜菜生产投入成本最多的依次为人工、土地、农业生产资料和农机作业。黑龙江省甜菜生产处于较低水平,提升甜菜产质量是当务之急,改变既有的种植方式,大力发展甜菜生产机械化,加大新技术的开发应用力度是未来黑龙江省甜菜种植的发展方向。

关键词: 黑龙江, 甜菜, 比较效益, 调查分析, 食糖

Abstract:

The Chinese sugar beet industry started in Heilongjiang and has a history for more than 100 years. The result of investigation show that sugar beet planting could gain the best benefit among the main dry crops in Heilongjiang, and the income increases by 2.38%, 60.85% and 75.48%, respectively, compared with potato, maize and soybean. For the sugar beet planting in Heilongjiang, the average area is 15.62 hm2 per household, the average density is 59300 plants/hm2, and the years of rotation are more than 4 years. The main labor force is hire hands, the farmland is mostly leased, the seeds are mainly pelleted or coated and imported from abroad, the fertilizers are mainly special fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides are commonly used, and the level of mechanization is relatively high. The input cost of sugar beet production is successively the labor force, farmland, agricultural means of production and agricultural machine operation. The sugar beet production is generally at a low level in Heilongjiang, and the development tendency is to increase the yield and sugar content for comparative benefit of sugar beet planting, to change the existing planting methods, to develop the production mechanization vigorously, and to improve the application of new techniques.

Key words: Heilongjiang, sugar beet, comparative benefit, investigation and analysis, sugar

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