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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (17): 65-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0051

所属专题: 资源与环境 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植年限桃树根区土壤肥力变异特征

郭新送1(), 于晓东2, 张晶3, 张培苹4, 赵花2, 杜栋梁5, 马鑫磊2, 丁方军1,2,3()   

  1. 1农业部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室,山东泰安 271000
    2山东省腐植酸高效利用示范工程技术研究中心,山东农大肥业科技有限公司,山东泰安 271000
    3山东合泰检测技术服务有限公司,山东泰安 271000
    4烟台农业农村局,山东烟台 264000
    5肥城市农业农村局,山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-16 修回日期:2021-03-20 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-29
  • 通讯作者: 丁方军
  • 作者简介:郭新送,男,1987年出生,山东新泰人,工程师,硕士,主要从事土壤生态学方面研究。通信地址:271016 山东省肥城市高新区创业路249号,Tel:0538-5067601,E-mail:guoxinsong1028@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    十三五国家重点研发计划“梨树和桃树化肥减施增效关键技术与产品研发”(2018YFD0201401)

Temporal Variation of Rootzone Soil Fertility in Different Planting Years of Peach Orchards

Guo Xinsong1(), Yu Xiaodong2, Zhang Jing3, Zhang Peiping4, Zhao Hua2, Du Dongliang5, Ma Xinlei2, Ding Fangjun1,2,3()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Taian Shandong 271000
    2Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Efficient Utilization of Humic Acid, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science Tech. Co., Ltd., Taian Shandong 271000
    3Shandong Hetai Detection Technology Service Co., Ltd., Taian Shandong 271000
    4Yantai Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yantai Shandong 264000
    5Feicheng Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian Shandong 271000
  • Received:2021-01-16 Revised:2021-03-20 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-29
  • Contact: Ding Fangjun

摘要:

果树根际土壤肥力是果树生长的基础,本研究通过对种植年限为5、10、15、20年桃树根区土壤理化和生物学性状变化进行分析,以期揭示不同种植年限桃园根际土壤肥力的变异特征,探明影响桃树产量和品质主要土壤肥力因子,为不同种植年限桃树生产管理提供理论依据。结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,土壤粘粒、粉粒含量增加,但土壤质地未改变;土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量呈增加趋势;土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性以种植年限15年达到最大值;土壤真菌和细菌数量随种植年限增加呈减少趋势;土壤微生物量氮含量逐年降低。土壤肥力因子之间存在一定相关性,不同土壤肥力因子间的交互关系影响桃园土壤肥力变化,其中土壤有机质、微生物量碳以及土壤酶活性是影响土壤肥力的主要因素。桃树产量以种植年限15年最大,种植年限超过15年桃品质下降,土壤肥力因子中土壤速效钾、有机质、微生物量碳含量及脲酶活性是影响桃产量和品质(可溶性固形物)的主要因素。

关键词: 果树, 桃, 桃园, 根际土壤, 肥力, 种植年限, 土壤理化性状, 土壤酶, 微生物量碳、氮, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Rhizosphere soil fertility is the foundation of fruit tree growth. In this study, the changes of soil physical, chemical and biological properties in the root zone of peach trees planted by 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were analyzed, to reveal the change rules of rhizosphere soil fertility in peach orchards with different planting years, and explore the main soil fertility factors affecting peach yield and quality. The study could provide a theoretical basis for peach tree cultivation and management. The results show that with the increase of planting years, soil clay and silt increase, but the soil texture does not change; at the same time, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium present an increasing trends; soil urease and catalase could reach the maximum value in 15 years’ planting; soil fungi and bacteria show a decreasing trend with the increase of planting years; however the microbial biomass nitrogen decreases year by year. Thus, there is a certain correlation between soil fertility factors, and the interactions between different soil fertility factors affect the changes of soil fertility in peach orchards. Soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity are the main factors affecting soil fertility. Peach yield in 15 years planting is the highest and declines after 15 years planting. Among the soil fertility factors, soil available potassium, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and soil urease are the main factors affecting the peach yield and quality (soluble solids).

Key words: fruit tree, peach, peach orchard, rhizosphere, soil fertility, planting years, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, yield, quality

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