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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (21): 46-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0053

所属专题： 食用菌； 食用菌

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于桃木屑的配方与工艺对平菇生长的影响

熊嘉莹1(), 丁红伟1, 陈青君1(), 张国庆1, 刘桂平2   

  1. 1农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室/北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京 102206
    2北京仟佰家食用菌种植专业合作社,北京 101207
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-18 修回日期:2021-04-30 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 陈青君
  • 作者简介:熊嘉莹,女,1998年出生,湖南长沙人,在读研究生,研究方向：食用菌生理及高效栽培。通信地址：102206 北京昌平区回龙观镇北农路7号北京农学院,Tel：010-80799143,E-mail： 1250013809@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队“草腐型食用菌关键技术研究”(BAIC05-2020);北京市科技计划项目“北京平谷农业科技创新示范区平谷区“生态桥”工程关键技术集成与示范”(Z181100009818007)

Planting Pleurotus Ostreatus with Peach Sawdust: Formular and Technology

Xiong Jiaying1(), Ding Hongwei1, Chen Qingjun1(), Zhang Guoqing1, Liu Guiping2   

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Application New Technology/Beijing University of Agriculture, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing 102206
    2Beijing Qianbaijia Edible Fungi Cultivation Professional Cooperative, Beijing 101207
  • Received:2021-01-18 Revised:2021-04-30 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Chen Qingjun

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摘要：

研究不同桃木屑配方和栽培工艺对平菇生长的影响,为桃木屑的资源化利用提供依据。以棉籽壳和玉米芯(1:1)配方为对照,以添加55%和70%桃木屑配方结合熟料和发酵料短时高温（简称发酵料）制棒工艺,研究了平菇灰美2号种植过程中的基质理化性质、木质纤维素及相关酶活变化,以及添加桃木屑对平菇子实体农艺性状和品质的影响。以桃木屑为主料配方的培养料后期含水量损失较多,发酵料工艺培养料的pH、灰分、含氮量略高于熟料;添加桃木屑的培养料纤维素酶活和木聚糖酶活显著提高,采用发酵工艺的培养料在菌丝满袋至一潮菇期表现出较高的漆酶活性。平菇单朵重以熟料工艺大于发酵料工艺,菌盖直径以添加桃木屑的配方大于对照配方。菌盖厚度、菌柄直径、单朵纵横经在不同配方和工艺中变化不大,结合单朵重、分支数、菌盖直径等农艺指标以添加55%桃木屑熟料工艺的S-5配方表现较好;添加55%桃木屑的配方采用熟料和发酵料两种工艺均获得了较高的一、二潮菇产量,生物转化效率分别为63.1%和60.1%;添加桃木屑至70%时,采用两种工艺一、二潮菇产量都有所下降,分别下降18.7%和28.6%。两种工艺不同配方的子实体粗蛋白差异不大,含量范围为19%~21%,桃木屑配方可以明显提高子实体总氨基酸含量,添加桃木屑至70%时还可以明显提高子实体的粗脂肪含量。添加桃木屑55%的配方以熟料或发酵料短时高温工艺制作平菇菌棒均可获得较为理想的产量和品质。

关键词: 桃木屑, 发酵料, 配方, 工艺, 产量, 平菇

Abstract:

The effects of different peach sawdust formulas and cultivation techniques on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus were studied to provide a basis for the resource utilization of peach sawdust. This paper used cottonseed hull and corn cob (1:1) formula as control, adopted the rod-making technique of adding 55% and 70% peach sawdust combined with clinker and fermented material of short-term high temperature (short for fermented material), to explore the physical and chemical properties of substrate, the dynamic of lignocellulose and related enzyme activities during the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Huimei No.2, as well as the effects of sawdust addition on agronomic traits and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies. The moisture content of the culture material with peach sawdust as the main ingredient was lost more in the later period. The pH value, ash content and nitrogen content of the fermented material were slightly higher than those of the clinker. The cellulase activity and xylanase activity of the culture material added with peach sawdust were significantly increased, and the culture material with fermented process showed higher laccase activity from full bag of mycelium to first flush stage. The single weight of Pleurotus ostreatus in the clinker process is greater than that in the fermented process. The pileus diameter in the formula of adding sawdust was greater than that in the control formula. The thickness of pileus, diameter of stipe and single longitudinal and transverse longitude had little significant change in different formulas and processes, and the S-5 formula with 55% sawdust had better agronomic indicators such as single weight, branch number, and pileus diameter. As to the formula of adding 55% sawdust, the yield of the first and second flush was higher by using clinker and fermented material. The bioconversion efficiency was 63.1% and 60.1% respectively. As to the formular of adding sawdust to 70%, the yield of the first and second flush decreased by 18.7% and 28.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in crude protein content of fruiting bodies between the two formulas, and the content range was 19%-21%. The formula of peach sawdust can significantly improve the total amino acid content of fruiting bodies, and the addition of sawdust to 70% can also significantly improve the crude fat content of fruiting bodies. The ideal yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus can be obtained by adding 55% peach sawdust with clinker or fermented materials of short-term high-temperature.

Key words: peach sawdust, fermented material, formula, technology, output, Pleurotus ostreatus

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