基于Cyt b基因的江苏省湖鲚种群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解江苏省湖泊湖鲚种群的遗传背景,科学保护和合理利用湖鲚种质资源。采用线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因序列,研究江苏省6个湖泊群体共224尾个体的遗传结构及进化历史动态。结果显示,224条序列共检出62个变异位点,定义57种单倍型,单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为0.783±0.028和0.00260±0.00019。AMOVA显示遗传变异主要来源于群体内部(91.45%)。遗传分化系数F_st值统计表明,滆湖群体与其他群体之间有高度分化。错配分布和中性检验表明,滆湖群体进化过程中群体大小保持稳定,其他群体则经历了明显的种群扩张,时间大约在0.12百万年前。研究结果表明,江苏省湖鲚群体的遗传多样性较丰富,滆湖群体拥有多个独享单倍型且与其他群体间具有高度的遗传分化,应将滆湖群体与其他群体作为不同的进化显著单元进行管理和利用。

关键词: 湖鲚, 细胞色素b基因, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, 种群历史动态

Abstract:

To scientifically manage and rationally use the germplam resources of Coilia nasustaihuensis, it is necessary to understand its background. In the present study, the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes were amplified and sequenced from 224 C. nasustaihuensis specimens that were collected from six freshwater lakes (Lake Tai, Lake Ge, Lake Gaoyou, Lake Baima, Lake Hongze, Lake Luoma). The results showed that 62 polymorphic nucleotide sites and 57 haplotypes were detected among the Cyt b sequences of 224 individuals. The haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.783±0.028 and 0.00260±0.00019, respectively. AMOVA analysis indicated that genetic variations between the populations from different lakes were mainly within the populations. Genetic differentiation index (F_st) suggested high genetic differentiation between Lake Ge population and the other five populations. The results of neutrality test showed that the values of Tajima’s D and Fu’s F_s were significant negative, and the mismatch distribution analysis map showed a peak type (except Lake Ge population), indicating that the other lake populations had undergone population expansion in evolutionary history, and the population expansion appeared in 0.12 Mya. The research indicates that the genetic diversity of C. nasustaihuensis of six lakes’ populations is abundant in Jiangsu province. The lake Ge population owns multiple specific haplotypes, and there are high genetic differences between Lake Ge population and the other populations. Therefore, the Lake Ge population and the populations of other five lakes should be managed and utilized as distinct evolutionarily significant units.

Key words: Coilia nasustaihuensis, Cyt b gene, genetic diversity, genetic structure, population historical dynamics

中图分类号:

S917.4

李大命, 唐晟凯, 刘燕山, 谷先坤, 殷稼雯, 蒋琦辰, 张彤晴, 潘建林. 基于Cyt b基因的江苏省湖鲚种群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(20): 144-151.

Li Daming, Tang Shengkai, Liu Yanshan, Gu Xiankun, Yin Jiawen, Jiang Qichen, Zhang Tongqing, Pan Jianlin. Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Coilia nasustaihuensis Population Based on Cyt b Gene in Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(20): 144-151.

图/表 8

参考文献 30

[1]	程起群,李思发.刀鲚和湖鲚种群的形态判别[J].海洋科学,2004,28(11):39-43.
[2]	倪勇,伍汉霖.江苏鱼类志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:203-208.
[3]	高春霞,田思泉,戴小杰.淀山湖刀鲚的生物学参数估算及其相对单位补充量渔获量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1506-1512.
[4]	毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.
[5]	林明利,张堂林,叶少文,等.洪泽湖鱼类资源现状、历史变动和渔业管理策略[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(6):1118-1127.
[6]	鲍传和,刘恩生,伍昌俊,等.巢湖刀鲚食物组成及渔获量变化的初步分析[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(6):19-22.
[7]	唐渝.太湖湖鲚生长特征和临界年龄的研究[J].生态学杂志,1986,5(3):5-9.
[8]	孙雪兴,仇延舫.太湖湖鲚年龄与生长的研究[J].洋与湖沼,1987,18(1):39-47.
[9]	谷先坤,张彤晴,李大命,等.江苏典型水域湖鲚食性对比分析[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(10):3115-3122.
[10]	唐渝.太湖湖鲚种群数量变动及合理利用的研究[J].水产学报,1987,11(1):61-73.
[11]	陈四海,区又君,李加儿.鱼类线粒体DNA及其研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2011(3):13-20.
[12]	魏广莲,徐钢春,顾若波,等.基于mtDNACytb序列分析养殖与野生刀鲚群体的遗传多样性[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1216-1221.
[13]	李大命,李康,张彤晴,等.洪泽湖大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius) Cytb和COI基因序列多态性分析[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):25-31.
[14]	轩中亚,姜涛,刘洪波,等.基于线粒体Cyt-b序列的太湖湖鲚与短颌鲚种群遗传析[J].渔业科学进展,2020,41(4):33-40.
[15]	范启.长江流域种群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J].水生生物学报,2014(38):627-635.
[16]	刘其根,沈建忠,陈马康,等.天然经济鱼类小型化问题的研究进展.上海水产大学学报,2005,14(1):80-83.
[17]	谷孝鸿,朱松泉,吴林坤,等.太湖自然渔业及其发展策略[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(1):94-100.
[18]	Xiao W,Zhang Y,Liu H.Molecular systematics of Xenocyprinae (Teleostei : Cyprinidae): Taxonomy, biogeography, and coevolution of a special group restricted in east Asia[J].Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution,2001,18(2):163-173.
[19]	Rogers A R,Harpending H.Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences[J].Mol Biol Evol,1992(3):3. :552-569.
[20]	Was G,Bowen B W.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: Insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation[J].Journal of Heredity,1998(5):415-426.
[21]	Ma C Y,Cheng Q Q,Zhang Q Y,et al.Genetic variation of Coilia ectenes (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) revealed by the complete cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2010,385(1-2):14-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.01.015 URL
[22]	Fu Y X.Statistical Tests of Neutrality of Mutations Against Population Growth, Hitchhiking and Background Selection[J].Genetics,1997,147(2):915-925. pmid: 9335623
[23]	Tajima F.Statistical methods to test for nucleotide mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.1989.
[24]	Freeland J R.Molecular Ecology[M].Chichester:JohnWiley & Sons,2005:112-116.
[25]	张艳萍,杜岩岩,王太,等.秦岭细鳞鲑群体遗传结构.生态学报,2014,34(17):4950-4956.
[26]	张争世,胡冰洁,叶祥益,等.基于mtDNACytb序列分析齐口裂腹鱼群体遗传多样性.水生生物学报,2017,41(3):610-616.
[27]	刘慧芬,张超,王静,等.河南境内四水系宽鳍鱲野生群体的遗传多样性.中国水产科学,2018,25(2):269-277.
[28]	刘红艳,陈校辉,熊飞.长江中下游湖泊和云南抚仙湖黄颡鱼群体遗传结构研究[J].华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,50(2):269-275.
[29]	朱晓东,耿波,李娇,等.利用30个微卫星标记分析长江中下游鲢群体的遗传多样性[J].遗传,2007,29(6):705-713.
[30]	李秀启,刘峰,冷春梅,等.基于线粒体DNA控制区的南四湖湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)群体遗传结构和种群扩散[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):686-692.

群体	采样时间	经纬度	样品数量
滆湖	2018年10月	31.6755ºN, 119.8444ºE	31
太湖	2018年10月	31.3061ºN, 120.1309ºE	39
高邮湖	2016年12月	32.8381ºN, 119.3414ºE	38
白马湖	2017年4月	33.2829ºN, 119.1379ºE	40
洪泽湖	2016年12月	33.3264ºN, 118.7518ºE	40
骆马湖	2017年4月	34.1443ºN, 118.2253ºE	36

群体	采样时间	经纬度	样品数量
滆湖	2018年10月	31.6755ºN, 119.8444ºE	31
太湖	2018年10月	31.3061ºN, 120.1309ºE	39
高邮湖	2016年12月	32.8381ºN, 119.3414ºE	38
白马湖	2017年4月	33.2829ºN, 119.1379ºE	40
洪泽湖	2016年12月	33.3264ºN, 118.7518ºE	40
骆马湖	2017年4月	34.1443ºN, 118.2253ºE	36

群体	样品数	变异位点	单倍型（个体数）	单倍型多样性	核苷酸多样性
滆湖	31	24	H3(1), H11(2), H19(9), H20(1), H21(1), H22(1),H23(1), H24(1), H25(1), H41(1), H42(1),H43(1), H44(1), H45(1), H49(7), H52(1)	0.875±0.044	0.00425±0.00033
太湖	39	24	H1(3), H9(1), H10(2), H12(1), H14(1), H31(1),H33(1), H34(1), H35(1), H36(1), H37(1), H39(1),H40(1), H49(19), H50(1), H53(1), H54(1)	0.762±0.073	0.00210±0.00030
高邮湖	38	26	H4(4), H8(1), H11(1), H12(1), H13(1), H18(1),H26(3), H27(1), H38(2), H43(1), H48(1),H49(20), H56(1), H57(1)	0.718±0.078	0.00270±0.00057
白马湖	40	17	H2(2), H4(3), H6(2), H15(1), H16(1), H18(1),H126(2), H29(1), H38(5), H47(1), H49(19),H55(1)	0.760±0.067	0.00216±0.00036
洪泽湖	40	14	H2(1), H4(4), H5(1), H7(1), H16(2), H18(1),H28(2), H30(1), H32(1), H38(4), H46(2),H49(19), H51(1)	0.762±0.067	0.00182±0.00028
骆马湖	36	13	H4(9), H17(1), H26(3), H38(3), H46(2), H47(1),H48(1), H49(17)	0.717±0.060	0.00180±0.00034
合计	224	62		0.783±0.028	0.00260±0.00019

群体	样品数	变异位点	单倍型（个体数）	单倍型多样性	核苷酸多样性
滆湖	31	24	H3(1), H11(2), H19(9), H20(1), H21(1), H22(1),H23(1), H24(1), H25(1), H41(1), H42(1),H43(1), H44(1), H45(1), H49(7), H52(1)	0.875±0.044	0.00425±0.00033
太湖	39	24	H1(3), H9(1), H10(2), H12(1), H14(1), H31(1),H33(1), H34(1), H35(1), H36(1), H37(1), H39(1),H40(1), H49(19), H50(1), H53(1), H54(1)	0.762±0.073	0.00210±0.00030
高邮湖	38	26	H4(4), H8(1), H11(1), H12(1), H13(1), H18(1),H26(3), H27(1), H38(2), H43(1), H48(1),H49(20), H56(1), H57(1)	0.718±0.078	0.00270±0.00057
白马湖	40	17	H2(2), H4(3), H6(2), H15(1), H16(1), H18(1),H126(2), H29(1), H38(5), H47(1), H49(19),H55(1)	0.760±0.067	0.00216±0.00036
洪泽湖	40	14	H2(1), H4(4), H5(1), H7(1), H16(2), H18(1),H28(2), H30(1), H32(1), H38(4), H46(2),H49(19), H51(1)	0.762±0.067	0.00182±0.00028
骆马湖	36	13	H4(9), H17(1), H26(3), H38(3), H46(2), H47(1),H48(1), H49(17)	0.717±0.060	0.00180±0.00034
合计	224	62		0.783±0.028	0.00260±0.00019

群体	滆湖	太湖	高邮湖	白马湖	洪泽湖	骆马湖
滆湖		0.24852^**	0.17516^**	0.19904^**	0.22608^**	0.19278^**
太湖	0.00418		0.00721	0.00798	0.00192	0.01533
高邮湖	0.00419	0.00242		-0.01096	-0.00957	-0.01339
白马湖	0.00396	0.00215	0.00240		-0.01588	-0.01213
洪泽湖	0.00387	0.00196	0.00223	0.00196		-0.01425
骆马湖	0.00372	0.00198	0.00222	0.00196	0.00178