纳米硒和壳聚糖复合材料对镉超标土壤中生菜的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0830

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (23): 113-117.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0830

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇下一篇

纳米硒和壳聚糖复合材料对镉超标土壤中生菜的影响

李建钊¹(), 高万超¹^,²(), 李仙³, 刘沛¹, 蒋斌⁴, 童春义⁴

¹湖南省生态环境监测中心,国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室,长沙 410014
²湖南省水文水资源勘测中心,长沙 410008
³湖南省邵东县生态环境监测站,湖南邵阳 422800
⁴湖南大学生物学院,长沙 410082

收稿日期:2020-12-23 修回日期:2021-03-01 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-26
通讯作者: 高万超
作者简介:李建钊,男,1986年出生,湖南隆回人,硕士,主要从事环境监测研究。通信地址:410014长沙市雨花区万家丽路中路三段118号湖南省生态环境监测中心国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室,Tel:0731-82592108,E-mail: 315945774@qq.com。
基金资助:
湖南省水利科技项目“变化水沙条件下洞庭湖富营养化演化及调控策略”(XSKJ2019081-13)

Effects of Nano Selenium and Chitosan Compounds on Lettuce Planted in Cadmium-contaminated Soils

Li Jianzhao¹(), Gao Wanchao¹^,²(), Li Xian³, Liu Pei¹, Jiang Bin⁴, Tong Chunyi⁴

¹Hunan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants, Changsha 410014
²Hunan Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Center, Changsha 410008
³Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station of Shaodong County, Shaoyang Hunan 422800
⁴College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082

Received:2020-12-23 Revised:2021-03-01 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-26
Contact: Gao Wanchao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究纳米硒、壳聚糖及其配伍施肥对种植于重金属超标土壤生菜的产量、品质和镉含量的影响,以期获得生菜的安全生产条件。结果表明:与对照组相比,施用纳米硒、壳聚糖及其配伍施肥均能显著提高生菜品质,其中鲜重提高了14.08%~53.73%,叶绿素提高2.36%~22.38%,可溶性还原糖含量提高21.95%~407.66%,可溶性蛋白含量提高41.47%~112.73%,而重金属Cd含量降低了9.59%~19.49%。纳米硒与壳聚糖配伍使用均表现较强的协同作用。纳米硒30 mg/L与壳聚糖100 mg/L时,重金属超标土壤中生菜中镉含量最低,产量、品质等指标最好。本研究发现的纳米硒与壳聚糖最佳配比,可作为作物安全生产的营养肥在重金属超标土壤推广应用。

关键词: 纳米硒, 壳聚糖, 重金属超标土壤, 镉, 生菜, 品质, 协同效应

Abstract:

To obtain the safe production conditions of lettuce, the effects of nano selenium, chitosan and their combined fertilization on the yield, quality and cadmium content of lettuce planted in heavy metal contaminated soil were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the application of nano selenium, chitosan and their combination could significantly improve the quality of lettuce, in which the fresh weight increased by 14.08%-53.73%, chlorophyll increased by 2.36%-22.38%, soluble reducing sugar content increased by 21.95%-407.66%, soluble protein content increased by 41.47%-112.73%, and Cd content decreased by 9.59%-19.49%. The combination of nano selenium and chitosan had obvious synergistic effect. When nano selenium was 30 mg/L and chitosan was 100 mg/L, the cadmium content in lettuce was the lowest, and the yield and quality were the best. The optimal ratio of nano selenium and chitosan is found in this study and the compatibility could be used for safe production of crops in soils with excessive heavy metals.

Key words: nano-selenium, chitosan, soils with excessive heavy metals, cadmium-contaminated soils, lettuce, quality, synergistic effect

中图分类号:

S314

李建钊, 高万超, 李仙, 刘沛, 蒋斌, 童春义. 纳米硒和壳聚糖复合材料对镉超标土壤中生菜的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(23): 113-117.

Li Jianzhao, Gao Wanchao, Li Xian, Liu Pei, Jiang Bin, Tong Chunyi. Effects of Nano Selenium and Chitosan Compounds on Lettuce Planted in Cadmium-contaminated Soils[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(23): 113-117.

图/表 7

参考文献 16

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因素/试验号	壳聚糖/(mg/L)	纳米硒/(mg/L)	鲜重/g	增加比例/%
CK	0	0	38.720±2.900	—
A	0	30	55.188±2.510	42.53
B	0	90	44.170±2.005	14.08
C	50	0	50.840±3.565	31.30
D	50	30	55.767±5.480	44.03
E	50	90	59.525±3.814	53.73
F	100	0	57.160±4.816	47.62
G	100	30	58.237±4.265	50.41
H	100	90	50.200±2.689	29.65
K_i₁	138.078	146.720
K_i₂	166.132	169.192
K_i₃	165.597	153.895
K_j₁	46.026	48.906
K_j₂	55.377	56.397
K_j₃	55.199	51.298
R_i	9.351	7.491

因素/试验号	壳聚糖/(mg/L)	纳米硒/(mg/L)	鲜重/g	增加比例/%
CK	0	0	38.720±2.900	—
A	0	30	55.188±2.510	42.53
B	0	90	44.170±2.005	14.08
C	50	0	50.840±3.565	31.30
D	50	30	55.767±5.480	44.03
E	50	90	59.525±3.814	53.73
F	100	0	57.160±4.816	47.62
G	100	30	58.237±4.265	50.41
H	100	90	50.200±2.689	29.65
K_i₁	138.078	146.720
K_i₂	166.132	169.192
K_i₃	165.597	153.895
K_j₁	46.026	48.906
K_j₂	55.377	56.397
K_j₃	55.199	51.298
R_i	9.351	7.491

因素/试验号	壳聚糖/(mg/L)	纳米硒/(mg/L)	叶绿素含量/(mg/g)
CK	0	0	1.1686±0.0865
A	0	30	1.2427±0.0744
B	0	90	1.2387±0.0421
C	50	0	1.2742±0.0753
D	50	30	1.4078±0.1059
E	50	90	1.1962±0.0700
F	100	0	1.1656±0.0985
G	100	30	1.4300±0.0879
H	100	90	1.3654±0.0910
K_i₁	3.6500	3.6084
K_i₂	3.8782	4.0805
K_i₃	3.9610	3.8000
K_j₁	1.2166	1.2028
K_j₂	1.2927	1.3602
K_j₃	1.3203	1.2667
R_i	0.1037	0.1574

因素/试验号	壳聚糖/(mg/L)	纳米硒/(mg/L)	叶绿素含量/(mg/g)
CK	0	0	1.1686±0.0865
A	0	30	1.2427±0.0744
B	0	90	1.2387±0.0421
C	50	0	1.2742±0.0753
D	50	30	1.4078±0.1059
E	50	90	1.1962±0.0700
F	100	0	1.1656±0.0985
G	100	30	1.4300±0.0879
H	100	90	1.3654±0.0910
K_i₁	3.6500	3.6084
K_i₂	3.8782	4.0805
K_i₃	3.9610	3.8000
K_j₁	1.2166	1.2028
K_j₂	1.2927	1.3602
K_j₃	1.3203	1.2667
R_i	0.1037	0.1574

因素/试验号	壳聚糖/ (mg/L)	纳米硒/ (mg/L)	还原糖含量/ (g/100 g鲜重)
CK	0	0	0.1412±0.021
A	0	30	0.1818±0.013
B	0	90	0.2533±0.014
C	50	0	0.3372±0.020
D	50	30	0.3417±0.016
E	50	90	0.2037±0.025
F	100	0	0.1722±0.030
G	100	30	0.7168±0.033
H	100	90	0.4318±0.024
K_i₁	0.5763	0.6506
K_i₂	0.8826	1.2403
K_i₃	1.3208	0.8888
K_j₁	0.1921	0.2169
K_j₂	0.2942	0.4134
K_j₃	0.4403	0.2963
R_i	0.2482	0.1965

纳米硒和壳聚糖复合材料对镉超标土壤中生菜的影响

Effects of Nano Selenium and Chitosan Compounds on Lettuce Planted in Cadmium-contaminated Soils

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因素/试验号	壳聚糖/ (mg/L)	纳米硒/ (mg/L)	可溶性蛋白含量/(mg/g)
CK	0	0	2.380±0.0535
A	0	30	3.367±0.0634
B	0	90	3.760±0.0779
C	50	0	4.263±0.1020
D	50	30	4.200±0.2903
E	50	90	4.350±0.2041
F	100	0	4.350±0.2220
G	100	30	5.063±0.2657
H	100	90	4.717±0.3487
K_i₁	9.507	10.993
K_i₂	12.813	12.630
K_i₃	14.130	12.872
K_j₁	3.169	3.664
K_j₂	4.271	4.210
K_j₃	4.710	4.291
R_i	1.541	0.627

因素/试验号	壳聚糖/(mg/L)	纳米硒/(mg/L)	Cd含量/(mg/kg)
CK	0	0	3.033±0.1500
A	0	30	2.708±0.1505
B	0	90	2.750±0.0750
C	50	0	2.500±0.2151
D	50	30	2.575±0.1500
E	50	90	2.733±0.0850
F	100	0	2.525±0.0375
G	100	30	2.392±0.2183
H	100	90	2.742±0.1532
K_i₁	8.491	8.058
K_i₂	7.808	7.675
K_i₃	7.695	8.225
K_j₁	2.830	2.686
K_j₂	2.603	2.558
K_j₃	2.565	2.742
R_i	0.265	0.184

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