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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (26): 117-123.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0317

所属专题： 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

朔州市干旱特征及其对农作物产量的影响

解建强1(), 宁松瑞2, 杜佩德1, 魏天兴3()   

  1. 1山西省朔州市气象局,山西朔州 036002
    2西安理工大学,省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安 710048
    3北京林业大学,水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-25 修回日期:2021-06-08 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 魏天兴
  • 作者简介:解建强,男,1985年出生,山西朔州人,工程师,硕士,研究方向：气象防灾减灾。通信地址：036002 山西省朔州市开发北路气象科技园,Tel：0349-2166343,E-mail： 261334021@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省气象局科学技术研究项目“基于SPEI的朔州市干旱时空变化特征”(SXKQNQH20195654)

Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Effect on Crop Yield in Shuozhou City

Xie Jianqiang1(), Ning Songrui2, Du Peide1, Wei Tianxing3()   

  1. 1Shuozhou Meteorological Bureau, Shuozhou Shanxi 036002
    2State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048
    3Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2021-03-25 Revised:2021-06-08 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-30
  • Contact: Wei Tianxing

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摘要：

旨在量化表征晋北半干旱地区的干旱强度及其时空特征以及对农作物产量的影响,基于朔州市6个气象站点1972—2017年的实测气象资料,分析该地区的降水、气温的变化趋势,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)定量分析了朔州市不同时间尺度的干旱频率及强度的时空特征。结果表明：朔州市年均降水量变化趋势不显著,季节平均降水量规律中,春、秋、冬季的平均降水量呈现增加趋势,夏季平均降水量为减少趋势,其中仅有秋季平均降水量增加的趋势显著。平均气温方面,年均温呈现极为显著的上升趋势,春季平均气温增加的显著性最强。朔州市干旱频率在1992—2001年代表现最高,该年代也是极端干旱的高频率期。朔州市短时间尺度（3个月）的SPEI值(SPEI-3)在10年尺度上的干旱最长持续时间达8个月,发生在1992—2001年间。SPEI-12在10年尺度上呈现：在1982—1991年间的干旱最长持续时间达7个月。干旱特征影响了朔州市的农作物产量,朔州市干旱特征与农作物平均产量存在二次函数关系。研究结果可为该地区雨养农业的发展提供参考。

关键词: 干旱, SPEI指数, 朔州市, 干旱强度, 气候变化

Abstract:

To quantify the spatio-temporal variation in drought intensity and its effects on crop yield in semi-arid area of northern Shanxi Province, based on the measured meteorological data (1972 to 2017) from 6 meteorological stations in Shuozhou, the variation trends of precipitation and temperature were investigated whilst the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought frequency and intensity at different time scales were analyzed using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results indicated that the variation in annual average precipitation was insignificant. Average precipitation showed increasing trends in spring, autumn and winter, but a decreasing trend in summer. Specifically, only the average precipitation in autumn increased significantly. Meanwhile, the annual average temperature showed a significant upward trend, in which the most significant increment was discovered in spring. The drought frequency was the highest in 1992-2001, which was also the high frequency period of extreme drought. At the 10-year scale, the longest drought duration of SPEI-3 which represented the SPEI at short time scale (3 months) was 8 months between 1992 and 2001, while the longest drought duration of SPEI-12 was 7 months between 1982 and 1991. In Shuozhou City, crop yield was directly affected by drought characteristics with the relationship in the form of a quadratic function. Our results are expected to provide reference for the development of regional rain-fed agriculture.

Key words: drought, SPEI index, Shuozhou, drought intensity, climate change

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