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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (30): 19-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0624

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

牛粪生物质炭基肥对青稞生长、产量及氮素利用的影响

孙全平1,2(), 彭君1,2(), 索朗措姆1, 秦基伟1,2, 谭海运1,2, 杨素涛2, 普布贵吉2   

  1. 1省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨 850000
    2西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-05 修回日期:2021-04-13 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 彭君
  • 作者简介:孙全平,男,1989年出生,青海互助人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:农业资源开发利用与保护。通信地址:850000 西藏拉萨市农科路9号 西藏农业科技创新园,Tel:18097123668,E-mail: sunquanping5799@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室自主课题“牛粪生物质炭基肥对青稞生长、产量及氮素利用的影响”(XZNKY-2019-C-007Z06)

Effects of Cow Faeces Biochar Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Highland Barley

Sun Quanping1,2(), Peng Jun1,2(), Suolang Cuomu1, Qin Jiwei1,2, Tan Haiyun1,2, Yang Sutao2, Pubu Guiji2   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850000
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000
  • Received:2020-11-05 Revised:2021-04-13 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-12-08
  • Contact: Peng Jun

摘要:

为探讨不同配比的生物质炭基肥料对青稞生长、产量和氮素利用的影响。以牛粪为研究对象,在限氧条件下经高温热解炭化制成生物炭,将生物质炭与一定比例的化学肥料混合,制成生物质炭基肥料。研究表明,随着碳化的进行,牛粪中的全氮和有机质(有机碳)含量降低,材料的碳氮比也随之降低,而全磷、全钾的含量升高;增施牛粪生物炭,青稞叶片中叶绿素含量升高,促进作物对肥料中养分的利用,进而利于青稞生长,草木灰与化肥配施的叶片叶绿素含量最高;不同处理籽粒产量之间的差异达到极显著;化肥施入量减少至70%,牛粪生物炭施入量30%时,籽粒产量最高,达到4830.75 kg/hm2,高于有机肥、草木灰与化肥配施和羊粪的处理(较对照增产13.88%);22500 kg/hm2羊粪处理的秸秆产量最高;同等氮输入条件下,减少化肥施用量,增加生物炭,可以提高氮素利用效率。

关键词: 牛粪, 生物炭, 青稞, 产量, 氮素利用

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizers with different proportions on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization of highland barley, we used cow dung as the research object, prepared biochar by pyrolysis and carbonization at high temperature (350-450℃) under oxygen limitation, and mixed biochar with a certain proportion of chemical fertilizer. The study shows that as the carbonization proceeds, the content of total nitrogen and organic matter (organic carbon) in cow dung are decreased, as well as the C/N ratio, but the content of total phosphorus and total potassium are increased. The application increase of cow dung biochar could raise the content of chlorophyll in the leaf of highland barley, promote the crop to utilize the nutrients in fertilizers, which is benefit to the growth of highland barley, the highest chlorophyll content in leaves is observed under the treatment of ash manure combined with chemical fertilizer. The grain yield of different treatments is significantly different. As the application amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced to 70% and the cow dung biochar is 30%, the grain yield is the highest of 4830.75 kg/hm2(13.88% higher than the control). The straw yield is the highest under the treatment of sheep manure of 22500 kg/hm2. Under the same nitrogen input condition, the nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing cow dung biochar.

Key words: cow dung, biochar, highland barley, yield, nitrogen utilization

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