9种绿化树种幼苗抗旱性评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着城市水资源短缺,干旱问题日益严重,研究不同绿化树种的抗旱能力,可为其在不同立地条件下栽培和应用提供理论依据,对园林绿化具有重要的意义。以2年生实生苗为试验材料,在干旱胁迫处理一定时间后,测定生物量、净光合速率、丙二醛等15项生长生理指标,通过综合抗旱系数评价、隶属函数法和聚类分析对9种绿化树种进行抗旱性综合评价。干旱胁迫对9种绿化苗木生长、生理、生化特性有显著影响。水分亏缺导致其生长受到抑制,抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量明显升高(P<0.05)。3种综合方法得到的评价结果基本一致。9个树种分为2个类群,其中一类群为抗旱树种包含冬青卫矛和杜仲,另一个类群包含弱抗旱树种女贞、木槿、红花玉兰,以及干旱敏感树种玉兰、栾树、连翘和楸树。9种绿化树种的抗旱性由高到低依次为：冬青卫矛>杜仲>女贞>木槿>红花玉兰>玉兰>栾树>连翘>楸树。

关键词: 绿化树种, 抗旱性, 综合评价, 隶属函数法, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

With the increasing shortage of urban water resources, the problem of drought is becoming more and more serious. To study the drought resistance of different greening tree species can provide a theoretical basis for their cultivation and application under different site conditions, and is of great significance to landscaping. Two-year-old seedlings were used as test materials. After a certain period of drought stress treatment, 15 growth physiological indicators, such as biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and malondialdehyde and etc., were measured. The drought resistance of 9 greening tree species was evaluated by comprehensive drought resistance coefficient evaluation, membership function method and cluster analysis. The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 9 greening tree species. Water deficit could lead to the inhibition on the seedling growth, and the significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic regulators (P<0.05). The evaluation results obtained by the three comprehensive methods were basically the same. Based on the results, the 9 tree species could be divided into two groups: one was drought-resistant tree species including Euonymus japonicus and Eucommia ulmoides, while the other one included weak drought-resistant tree species like Ligustrum lucidum, Hibiscus syriacus and Magnolia wufengensis, and drought-sensitive tree species such as Magnolia denudata, Koelreuteria paniculata, Forsythia suspensa and Catalpa bungei. The drought resistance of the 9 greening tree species followed the order of Euonymus japonicus > Eucommia ulmoides > Ligustrum lucidum > Hibiscus syriacus > Magnolia wufengensis > Magnolia denudata > Koelreuteria paniculata > Forsythia suspensa > Catalpa bungei.

Key words: greening tree species, drought resistance, comprehensive evaluation, membership function method, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S723.9

张梦飞, 李爽, 李运盛, 马海霞, 刘悦秋. 9种绿化树种幼苗抗旱性评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(20): 38-46.

ZHANG Mengfei, LI Shuang, LI Yunsheng, MA Haixia, LIU Yueqiu. Evaluation on the Drought Resistance of Seedlings of Nine Greening Tree Species[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(20): 38-46.

图/表 16

参考文献 38

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树种	株高生长量/cm				地径生长量/cm
树种	80%	60%	40%	20%	80%	60%	40%	20%
冬青卫矛	46.20±1.65ab	56.70±7.86a	51.63±7.58a	40.13±0.93b	10.84±0.19a	10.65±0.16a	10.54±0.12a	10.80±0.84a
女贞	110.27±6.65a	104.60±0.96a	99.83±1.80ab	88.37±10.97b	10.50±0.15a	9.53±0.66b	9.22±0.68b	8.77±0.27b
木槿	168.70±5.94a	160.90±0.66ab	157.10±3.59bc	149.43±5.79	14.71±0.39a	14.63±1.23ab	13.30±0.52bc	12.85±0.28c
杜仲	111.77±5.37b	124.90±4.98a	95.00±7.42c	88.13±7.10c	10.06±0.31b	11.33±0.58a	10.82±0.66ab	10.24±0.28b
栾树	134.80±4.04a	127.13±5.16b	119.33±1.16c	101.47±2.83d	17.42±0.95a	16.41±0.88ab	15.39±0.95b	12.15±0.54c
楸树	127.70±5.73a	118.00±1.25a	101.57±9.20b	92.80±3.18b	15.04±0.53a	15.99±1.01a	12.92±1.13b	12.15±0.69b
玉兰	100.53±8.35a	90.40±7.36ab	86.90±7.47b	77.77±6.30b	13.37±0.89a	12.19±0.41ab	11.42±0.73b	11.26±0.48b
红花玉兰	76.13±7.58a	71.70±5.86a	67.60±1.75ab	61.10±4.16b	14.87±0.40a	14.04±1.69ab	12.90±0.53bc	11.50±0.31c
连翘	38.13±5.25a	42.23±7.43a	36.13±8.00a	29.53±6.29a	8.62±0.37bc	10.73±0.20a	9.28±0.57b	8.25±0.27c

树种	株高生长量/cm				地径生长量/cm
树种	80%	60%	40%	20%	80%	60%	40%	20%
冬青卫矛	46.20±1.65ab	56.70±7.86a	51.63±7.58a	40.13±0.93b	10.84±0.19a	10.65±0.16a	10.54±0.12a	10.80±0.84a
女贞	110.27±6.65a	104.60±0.96a	99.83±1.80ab	88.37±10.97b	10.50±0.15a	9.53±0.66b	9.22±0.68b	8.77±0.27b
木槿	168.70±5.94a	160.90±0.66ab	157.10±3.59bc	149.43±5.79	14.71±0.39a	14.63±1.23ab	13.30±0.52bc	12.85±0.28c
杜仲	111.77±5.37b	124.90±4.98a	95.00±7.42c	88.13±7.10c	10.06±0.31b	11.33±0.58a	10.82±0.66ab	10.24±0.28b
栾树	134.80±4.04a	127.13±5.16b	119.33±1.16c	101.47±2.83d	17.42±0.95a	16.41±0.88ab	15.39±0.95b	12.15±0.54c
楸树	127.70±5.73a	118.00±1.25a	101.57±9.20b	92.80±3.18b	15.04±0.53a	15.99±1.01a	12.92±1.13b	12.15±0.69b
玉兰	100.53±8.35a	90.40±7.36ab	86.90±7.47b	77.77±6.30b	13.37±0.89a	12.19±0.41ab	11.42±0.73b	11.26±0.48b
红花玉兰	76.13±7.58a	71.70±5.86a	67.60±1.75ab	61.10±4.16b	14.87±0.40a	14.04±1.69ab	12.90±0.53bc	11.50±0.31c
连翘	38.13±5.25a	42.23±7.43a	36.13±8.00a	29.53±6.29a	8.62±0.37bc	10.73±0.20a	9.28±0.57b	8.25±0.27c

树种	根冠比/%				生物量/g
树种	80%	60%	40%	20%	80%	60%	40%	20%
冬青卫矛	1.02±0.11a	1.07±0.13a	1.15±0.03a	1.10±0.20a	127.82±2.84a	120.16±7.32a	92.75±7.76b	87.79±3.16b
女贞	1.15±0.13a	1.07±0.23a	1.18±0.20a	1.20±0.07a	165.99±6.70a	160.75±4.39a	145.15±7.21b	131.01±6.21c
木槿	0.96±0.08a	1.01±0.03a	0.96±0.08a	0.80±0.10b	276.19±12.69a	234.40±5.45b	179.34±5.87c	133.89±8.05d
杜仲	1.28±0.20a	1.27±0.24a	1.28±0.09a	1.39±0.13a	163.64±3.66b	195.48±5.41a	153.22±6.68b	123.12±8.58c
栾树	0.91±0.19a	0.94±0.15a	0.81±0.02a	0.74±0.07a	272.58±11.10a	225.19±7.30b	202.59±9.16bc	183.19±20.89c
楸树	1.65±0.26a	1.57±0.07b	1.55±0.35ab	1.16±0.16b	274.85±15.01a	239.99±18.04b	208.94±12.73c	154.14±7.79d
玉兰	0.73±0.02b	1.04±0.12a	1.06±0.14a	1.09±0.14a	172.54±7.29a	149.46±12.01b	141.65±1.51b	120.54±6.86c
红花玉兰	1.13±0.19a	1.25±0.16a	1.33±0.22a	1.46±0.15a	99.94±1.71a	90.28±4.79b	82.14±1.64c	68.77±5.46d
连翘	0.75±0.12b	1.07±0.25a	0.86±0.09ab	0.87±0.09ab	104.94±5.15b	128.33±7.17a	115.96±8.10b	66.74±2.25c

树种	根冠比/%				生物量/g
树种	80%	60%	40%	20%	80%	60%	40%	20%
冬青卫矛	1.02±0.11a	1.07±0.13a	1.15±0.03a	1.10±0.20a	127.82±2.84a	120.16±7.32a	92.75±7.76b	87.79±3.16b
女贞	1.15±0.13a	1.07±0.23a	1.18±0.20a	1.20±0.07a	165.99±6.70a	160.75±4.39a	145.15±7.21b	131.01±6.21c
木槿	0.96±0.08a	1.01±0.03a	0.96±0.08a	0.80±0.10b	276.19±12.69a	234.40±5.45b	179.34±5.87c	133.89±8.05d
杜仲	1.28±0.20a	1.27±0.24a	1.28±0.09a	1.39±0.13a	163.64±3.66b	195.48±5.41a	153.22±6.68b	123.12±8.58c
栾树	0.91±0.19a	0.94±0.15a	0.81±0.02a	0.74±0.07a	272.58±11.10a	225.19±7.30b	202.59±9.16bc	183.19±20.89c
楸树	1.65±0.26a	1.57±0.07b	1.55±0.35ab	1.16±0.16b	274.85±15.01a	239.99±18.04b	208.94±12.73c	154.14±7.79d
玉兰	0.73±0.02b	1.04±0.12a	1.06±0.14a	1.09±0.14a	172.54±7.29a	149.46±12.01b	141.65±1.51b	120.54±6.86c
红花玉兰	1.13±0.19a	1.25±0.16a	1.33±0.22a	1.46±0.15a	99.94±1.71a	90.28±4.79b	82.14±1.64c	68.77±5.46d
连翘	0.75±0.12b	1.07±0.25a	0.86±0.09ab	0.87±0.09ab	104.94±5.15b	128.33±7.17a	115.96±8.10b	66.74±2.25c

树种	净光合速率/µmol/(m²·s)				叶绿素含量/(mg/g)
树种	80%	60%	40%	20%	80%	60%	40%	20%
冬青卫矛	7.84±0.68a	6.39±0.33b	4.49±0.72c	3.06±0.43d	4.59±0.04a	4.48±0.13a	3.5±0.14b	3.19±0.14c
女贞	8.5±0.84a	6.94±0.38b	5.27±0.4c	3.32±0.76d	4.64±0.05a	4.58±0.13a	4.24±0.10b	3.61±0.14c
木槿	6.48±0.53a	5.27±0.21b	3.33±0.34c	2.46±0.39d	2.27±0.21a	1.92±0.19b	1.66±0.06b	1.25±0.16c
杜仲	5.96±0.28a	5.97±0.75a	3.65±0.07b	1.89±0.52c	2.62±0.11b	3.19±0.2a	2.67±0.03b	1.92±0.11c
栾树	9.94±0.63a	8.29±0.91b	5.23±0.98c	2.24±0.48d	2.89±0.03a	2.9±0.14a	1.98±0.07b	0.94±0.02c
楸树	10.72±0.84a	8.39±0.57b	5.74±0.44c	2.48±0.47d	3.25±0.21a	2.59±0.10b	1.67±0.12c	0.97±0.06d
玉兰	6.84±0.57b	8.20±0.11a	6.25±0.65b	3.28±0.64c	3.8±0.09b	4.09±0.11a	3.73±0.22b	3.25±0.14c
红花玉兰	6.25±0.77a	6.04±0.36a	4.35±0.36b	1.97±0.53c	3.17±0.05b	3.43±0.08a	2.64±0.11c	2.33±0.07d
连翘	7.46±0.37a	7.83±0.25a	4.24±0.27b	1.68±0.28c	1.58±0.15b	2.16±0.12a	1.61±0.14b	1.02±0.10c