施氮对甜菜不同发育阶段根际氨基酸含量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根际土壤中氨基酸的含量在施氮条件下会发生改变,本研究对施氮后甜菜不同发育阶段根际土壤中氨基酸含量的变化进行测定及分析,选取有机氮吸收效率高与低的甜菜品种各1个,设置施氮(N：150 mg/kg)、不施氮肥(N：0 mg/kg)区。分别在甜菜苗期、叶丛快速生长期、块根糖分积累期、收获期收集根际和非根际土壤,利用高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸的含量。结果表明：甜菜4个时期中总氨基酸含量随甜菜生长呈上升趋势,变化范围为1194.9~1375.63 mg/kg,但在各种氨基酸的变化上又存在着差异。4个时期中施肥处理的土壤与未施肥土壤相比,施肥处理的土壤中氨基酸氮总量高于未施肥处理,高出117.35 mg/kg。其中增幅最大的是中性氨基酸,施肥平均增加91.56 mg/kg。氮高效品种‘KWS8138’对氨基酸的矿化量高于氮低效品种‘Beta176’,高出63.76 mg/kg,根际土壤氨基酸占比受到甜菜生长的显著影响,根际外土壤氨基酸变化并不显著。根际土壤氨基酸含量变化大于根际外土壤。施氮肥增加了土壤氨基酸氮的含量,从而提高了土壤持续供氮能力。

关键词: 施氮, 甜菜, 氨基酸, 根际, 非根际

Abstract:

The content of amino acid in the rhizosphere soil could change under nitrogen application. In this study, the changes of amino acid content in the rhizosphere soil at different development stages of sugar beet after nitrogen application were determined and analyzed, one sugar beet variety with high organic nitrogen absorption efficiency and one with low organic nitrogen absorption efficiency were selected, and nitrogen application (N: 150 mg/kg) and no nitrogen application (N: 0 mg/kg) were set up. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were collected at seedling stage, leaf cluster rapid growth stage, root sugar accumulation stage and harvest stage, and the contents of amino acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the content of total amino acid increased with the growth of sugar beet in the four stages, and the variation range was from 1194.9 to 1375.63 mg/kg, but there were differences in the changes of various amino acids. The total amount of amino acid nitrogen in the fertilized soil was 117.35 mg/kg higher than that in the unfertilized soil. The largest increase was neutral amino acid, with an average increase of 91.56 mg/kg. The amino acid mineralization of ‘KWS8138’ (high nitrogen absorption efficiency variety) was 63.76 mg/kg higher than that of ‘Beta176’ (low nitrogen absorption efficiency variety). The ratio of amino acids in rhizosphere soil was significantly affected by the growth of beet, while the change of amino acids outside the rhizosphere soil was not significant. The change of amino acid content in rhizosphere soil was greater than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the content of amino acid nitrogen in the soil, thus improving the sustainable nitrogen supply capacity of the soil.

Key words: nitrogen application, sugar beet, amino acid, rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere

中图分类号:

S566.3

杜胜楠, 潘桓艳, 邢启男, 张爱玲, 王秋红. 施氮对甜菜不同发育阶段根际氨基酸含量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(20): 81-88.

DU Shengnan, PAN Hengyan, XING Qinan, ZHANG Ailing, WANG Qiuhong. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Amino Acid Content in Rhizosphere of Sugar Beet at Different Development Stages[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(20): 81-88.

图/表 6

参考文献 39

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氨基酸类型	幼苗期		叶丛快速生长期		块根糖分积累期		收获期
氨基酸类型	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮
天冬氨酸	16.80	15.32	13.52	12.00	17.12	21.92	18.24	22.08
谷氨酸	95.12	70.80	66.60	100.20	70.52	96.32	69.12	81.36
酸性氨基酸总量	111.92	86.12	80.12	112.2	87.64	118.24	87.36	103.44
苏氨酸	167.72	189.32	178.20	184.20	210.00	222.00	212.68	221.92
丝氨酸	43.52	57.32	51.60	48.92	67.80	64.20	62.68	63.72
脯氨酸	127.80	150.32	144.60	127.20	123.92	168.32	152.84	146.80
甘氨酸	92.72	103.80	94.80	109.80	113.12	120.92	112.88	114.16
丙氨酸	79.20	88.20	81.32	90.00	96.32	103.80	100.40	111.32
缬氨酸	125.40	115.20	111.00	113.72	131.12	153.60	132.80	150.12
异亮氨酸	55.80	55.80	50.72	54.00	60.32	52.20	56.60	62.56
亮氨酸	53.12	61.80	54.92	64.20	69.60	70.20	70.48	73.44
酪氨酸	24.92	26.12	25.52	26.40	27.60	33.32	26.88	23.48
苯丙氨酸	50.40	55.52	52.80	57.60	59.40	60.32	65.28	63.48
中性氨基酸总量	820.6	903.4	845.48	876.04	959.2	1048.88	993.52	1031
赖氨酸	64.20	71.40	68.40	86.72	79.20	74.40	79.52	76.24
组氨酸	25.80	29.40	28.20	30.32	33.00	31.52	32.36	34.08
精氨酸	50.72	61.20	54.92	58.52	67.52	64.52	72.88	64.88
碱性氨基酸总量	140.72	162	151.52	175.56	179.72	170.44	184.76	175.2
半胱氨酸	21.60	20.40	23.40	18.32	21.92	26.40	17.32	18.32
甲硫氨酸	75.60	69.60	72.60	69.92	72.32	87.92	76.76	82.04
含硫氨基酸总量	97.2	90	96	88.24	94.24	114.32	94.08	100.36
总量	1170.44	1241.52	1173.12	1252.04	1320.8	1451.88	1359.72	1410

氨基酸类型	幼苗期		叶丛快速生长期		块根糖分积累期		收获期
氨基酸类型	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮
天冬氨酸	16.80	15.32	13.52	12.00	17.12	21.92	18.24	22.08
谷氨酸	95.12	70.80	66.60	100.20	70.52	96.32	69.12	81.36
酸性氨基酸总量	111.92	86.12	80.12	112.2	87.64	118.24	87.36	103.44
苏氨酸	167.72	189.32	178.20	184.20	210.00	222.00	212.68	221.92
丝氨酸	43.52	57.32	51.60	48.92	67.80	64.20	62.68	63.72
脯氨酸	127.80	150.32	144.60	127.20	123.92	168.32	152.84	146.80
甘氨酸	92.72	103.80	94.80	109.80	113.12	120.92	112.88	114.16
丙氨酸	79.20	88.20	81.32	90.00	96.32	103.80	100.40	111.32
缬氨酸	125.40	115.20	111.00	113.72	131.12	153.60	132.80	150.12
异亮氨酸	55.80	55.80	50.72	54.00	60.32	52.20	56.60	62.56
亮氨酸	53.12	61.80	54.92	64.20	69.60	70.20	70.48	73.44
酪氨酸	24.92	26.12	25.52	26.40	27.60	33.32	26.88	23.48
苯丙氨酸	50.40	55.52	52.80	57.60	59.40	60.32	65.28	63.48
中性氨基酸总量	820.6	903.4	845.48	876.04	959.2	1048.88	993.52	1031
赖氨酸	64.20	71.40	68.40	86.72	79.20	74.40	79.52	76.24
组氨酸	25.80	29.40	28.20	30.32	33.00	31.52	32.36	34.08
精氨酸	50.72	61.20	54.92	58.52	67.52	64.52	72.88	64.88
碱性氨基酸总量	140.72	162	151.52	175.56	179.72	170.44	184.76	175.2
半胱氨酸	21.60	20.40	23.40	18.32	21.92	26.40	17.32	18.32
甲硫氨酸	75.60	69.60	72.60	69.92	72.32	87.92	76.76	82.04
含硫氨基酸总量	97.2	90	96	88.24	94.24	114.32	94.08	100.36
总量	1170.44	1241.52	1173.12	1252.04	1320.8	1451.88	1359.72	1410

氨基酸类型	幼苗期		叶丛快速生长期		块根糖分积累期		收获期
氨基酸类型	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮
天冬氨酸	19.80	14.12	15.92	15.32	15.32	17.12	16.56	17.48
谷氨酸	76.52	61.20	82.20	87.00	66.00	58.80	50.60	60.72
酸性氨基酸总量	96.32	75.32	98.12	102.32	81.32	75.92	67.16	78.2
苏氨酸	160.80	188.40	180.92	227.40	197.12	241.52	201.16	242.00
丝氨酸	46.20	53.12	53.40	63.60	55.52	80.72	65.44	65.48
脯氨酸	128.40	159.60	149.72	149.12	149.40	149.72	152.16	152.04
甘氨酸	89.12	105.32	103.52	144.32	102.92	122.40	102.92	107.64
丙氨酸	75.92	89.12	84.60	99.32	86.72	105.92	95.20	109.80
缬氨酸	123.92	117.92	118.80	124.20	126.32	154.80	140.40	145.96
异亮氨酸	45.00	56.72	53.40	60.00	55.20	63.32	61.08	62.28
亮氨酸	48.00	61.20	59.12	74.40	60.00	75.32	76.16	72.88
酪氨酸	36.00	28.80	25.80	29.72	25.20	25.80	32.20	24.80
苯丙氨酸	48.92	56.12	53.12	62.12	54.00	62.12	64.92	65.60
中性氨基酸总量	802.28	916.32	882.4	1034.2	912.4	1081.64	991.64	1048.48
赖氨酸	54.92	71.40	71.12	81.00	70.80	80.12	80.88	79.00
组氨酸	25.20	29.12	30.32	40.80	29.12	32.72	32.80	33.60
精氨酸	45.92	60.00	57.60	69.00	59.12	66.92	60.52	66.00
碱性氨基酸总量	126.04	160.52	159.04	190.8	159.04	179.76	174.2	178.6
半胱氨酸	21.00	20.72	16.52	21.32	21.92	27.32	20.56	22.68
甲硫氨酸	75.92	73.20	67.80	70.80	71.40	88.80	72.88	78.40
含硫氨基酸总量	96.92	93.92	84.32	92.12	93.32	116.12	93.44	101.08
总量	1121.56	1246.08	1223.88	1419.44	1246.08	1453.44	1326.44	1406.36

氨基酸类型	幼苗期		叶丛快速生长期		块根糖分积累期		收获期
氨基酸类型	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮	未施氮	施氮
天冬氨酸	19.80	14.12	15.92	15.32	15.32	17.12	16.56	17.48
谷氨酸	76.52	61.20	82.20	87.00	66.00	58.80	50.60	60.72
酸性氨基酸总量	96.32	75.32	98.12	102.32	81.32	75.92	67.16	78.2
苏氨酸	160.80	188.40	180.92	227.40	197.12	241.52	201.16	242.00
丝氨酸	46.20	53.12	53.40	63.60	55.52	80.72	65.44	65.48
脯氨酸	128.40	159.60	149.72	149.12	149.40	149.72	152.16	152.04
甘氨酸	89.12	105.32	103.52	144.32	102.92	122.40	102.92	107.64
丙氨酸	75.92	89.12	84.60	99.32	86.72	105.92	95.20	109.80
缬氨酸	123.92	117.92	118.80	124.20	126.32	154.80	140.40	145.96
异亮氨酸	45.00	56.72	53.40	60.00	55.20	63.32	61.08	62.28
亮氨酸	48.00	61.20	59.12	74.40	60.00	75.32	76.16	72.88
酪氨酸	36.00	28.80	25.80	29.72	25.20	25.80	32.20	24.80
苯丙氨酸	48.92	56.12	53.12	62.12	54.00	62.12	64.92	65.60
中性氨基酸总量	802.28	916.32	882.4	1034.2	912.4	1081.64	991.64	1048.48
赖氨酸	54.92	71.40	71.12	81.00	70.80	80.12	80.88	79.00
组氨酸	25.20	29.12	30.32	40.80	29.12	32.72	32.80	33.60
精氨酸	45.92	60.00	57.60	69.00	59.12	66.92	60.52	66.00
碱性氨基酸总量	126.04	160.52	159.04	190.8	159.04	179.76	174.2	178.6
半胱氨酸	21.00	20.72	16.52	21.32	21.92	27.32	20.56	22.68
甲硫氨酸	75.92	73.20	67.80	70.80	71.40	88.80	72.88	78.40
含硫氨基酸总量	96.92	93.92	84.32	92.12	93.32	116.12	93.44	101.08
总量	1121.56	1246.08	1223.88	1419.44	1246.08	1453.44	1326.44	1406.36

		Ser	Tyr	Ala	Gly	Arg	其他氨基酸
苗期	根际内	4.70	2.27	9.42	8.98	4.73	69.90
苗期	根际外	5.72	2.26	10.53	8.77	5.77	66.95
叶丛快速生长期	根际内	4.77	2.10	9.43	9.02	4.05	70.63
叶丛快速生长期	根际外	5.63	2.22	10.44	8.81	5.75	67.15
块根糖分积累期	根际内	4.37	2.40	9.03	8.70	4.67	70.83
块根糖分积累期	根际外	5.55	2.26	10.31	8.82	5.64	67.42
收获期	根际内	4.45	2.51	9.23	9.01	4.05	70.75
收获期	根际外	5.27	2.28	10.00	8.71	5.42	68.32