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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0001

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同氮肥处理对稻茬晚播小麦‘淮麦36’产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响

周冬冬1(), 张军1, 葛梦婕1, 刘忠红1, 朱晓欢1, 李春燕2()   

  1. 1.淮安市农业技术推广中心，江苏淮安 223001
    2.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室培育点/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-27 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2023-01-05 发布日期:2022-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 李春燕
  • 作者简介:周冬冬，男，1992年出生，江苏淮安人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：稻麦栽培与技术推广。通信地址：223001 江苏省淮安市清江浦区健康西路59号 淮安市农业技术推广中心，Tel：0517-83676448，E-mail：1209841308@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2019]187);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2020]177);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2021]200)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quality of Late-sowing Wheat ‘Huaimai 36’ Following Rice

ZHOU Dongdong1(), ZHANG Jun1, GE Mengjie1, LIU Zhonghong1, ZHU Xiaohuan1, LI Chunyan2()   

  1. 1. Huai’an Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223001
    2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
  • Received:2021-12-27 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2023-01-05 Published:2022-12-27
  • Contact: LI Chunyan

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摘要：

为探究江苏淮北地区稻茬晚播小麦丰产优质高效栽培的适宜施肥方法，以‘淮麦36’为材料，采用二因素裂区设计，以施氮量为主区(210、240、270 kg/hm2)，氮肥运筹为裂区（基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥为0:3:3:4、0:4:6:0、3:1:4:2、3:2:3:2和3:3:3:1），分析不同氮肥处理对小麦产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响。结果表明，氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率和产量均随施氮量的增加而呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势，施氮量240 kg/hm2分别较210 kg/hm2和270 kg/hm2提高10.66%和14.22%、8.94%和13.11%、13.94%和0.89%；氮素积累量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率、氮素生理效率、氮收获指数和籽粒产量在不同氮肥运筹处理间均表现为3:1:4:2>3:2:3:2>3:3:3:1>0:3:3:4>0:4:6:0，产量最大增幅为15.22%。说明重施拔节孕穗肥有利于提高稻茬晚播小麦的氮素利用率和产量。氮肥适当后移和分施拔节肥与孕穗肥可提升稻茬晚播小麦的千粒重和籽粒品质。综上，本试验条件下，施氮量为240 kg/hm2、基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥为3:1:4:2时，可实现小麦产量与氮素利用率和籽粒品质的协同提高。

关键词: 稻茬晚播小麦, 施氮量, 氮肥运筹, 氮素利用率, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To optimize the nitrogen fertilizer application technology for high-yield, high-quality and efficient cultivation of late-sowing wheat following rice in Huaibei region of Jiangsu Province, the effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality of wheat were analyzed by using ‘Huaimai 36’ as the material. The two-factor split-zone test design was adopted with nitrogen application amount (210, 240 and 270 kg/hm2) as main zones, and nitrogen application ratios at different stages (basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer as 0:3:3:4, 0:4:6:0, 3:1:4:2, 3:2:3:2 and 3:3:3:1) as subzones. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency (NARE) and yield increased first and then declined. Compared with those at the N210 and N270 levels, the NAE, NARE and yield at the N240 level were increased by 10.66% and 14.22%, 8.94% and 13.11%, and 13.94% and 0.89%, respectively. Under the condition of same nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen accumulation amount, NAE, NARE, NPE (nitrogen physiological efficiency), NHI (nitrogen harvest index) and grain yield with different basal and topdressing ratios ranked as 3:1:4:2>3:2:3:2>3:3:3:1>0:3:3:4>0:4:6:0. The maximum increase of yield was 15.22%. The results showed that the heavy application of jointing and booting fertilizer was beneficial to improving the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of late-sowing wheat following rice. The 1000-grain weight and grain quality of late-sowing wheat following rice could be improved by postponing nitrogen application appropriately and applying jointing and booting fertilizers separately. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application pattern for synergistically improving yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality is nitrogen rate of 240 kg/hm2 and the dressing ratio of basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer of 3:1:4:2.

Key words: late-sowing wheat following rice, nitrogen application amount, nitrogen planning and management, nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield, quality

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