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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 85-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0265

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

旱改水田水稻旱青立病的发生原因及防治措施研究

刘伟喜1(), 尹文锋1, 李小娟2, 肖友伦2()   

  1. 1 茶陵县农业农村局，湖南茶陵 412400
    2 湖南省农业科学院植物保护研究所，长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07 修回日期:2022-06-08 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 肖友伦，男，1980年出生，湖南武冈人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：水稻病害防治及抗病性鉴定研究。Tel：0731-84628683，E-mail：732427358@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘伟喜，男，1969年出生，湖南茶陵人，农艺师，主要从事农作物病虫害防治与技术推广方面的研究。通信地址：412400 湖南省茶陵县炎帝南路 茶陵县农业农村局植保植检站，Tel：0731-22743010，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省农业科技创新资金项目“农业部长沙有害生物观测实验站观测点运行项目”(2016JC03); 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目“农业部长沙有害生物观测实验站观测点运行项目”(2018QN14)

The Occurrence Cause and Prevention and Control Measures of Rice Straighthead Disease in Dryland-to-Paddy Field

LIU Weixi1(), YIN Wenfeng1, LI Xiaojuan2, XIAO Youlun2()   

  1. 1 Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Chaling County, Chaling, Hunan 412400
    2 Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125
  • Received:2022-04-07 Revised:2022-06-08 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-03-14

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摘要：

水稻旱青立病是危害水稻生产的一种生理性病害，近年在旱改水田中发生较重，对水稻产量的影响很大，但因其发病原因尚不明确，给该病的防治带来一定难度。通过调查湖南省茶陵县旱改水田2020、2021年水稻旱青立病的发生情况，分析了该病的发生原因，并通过田间试验提出了防治的具体措施。结果表明，2020年茶陵县旱改水田水稻旱青立病的发病穗率与发病粒率分别达到了26.42%、26.96%，2021年两项数据也分别达26.30%、24.00%，2020、2021年造成水稻减产分别为25.11%、22.92%。土壤板结严重、透气性差、有机质含量低、长期淹水灌溉是旱改水田该病发生较重的主要原因。通过采用针对性防治措施，包括增施有机肥、施用硫酸钾、撒施生石灰和科学水管理等，水稻旱青立病的发生得到了有效控制，综合治理区该病的病穗率与病粒率分别仅为1.36%、0.72%，而空白对照区分别达26.30%、24.00%。本研究为旱改水田水稻旱青立病的防治提供了重要借鉴。

关键词: 水稻, 旱青立病, 旱改水田, 发病原因, 防治措施

Abstract:

Rice straighthead disease is a physiological disease in rice production and occurs seriously in dryland-to-paddy field in recent years, which leads to substantial rice yield loss. The lack of definite causative factor for rice straighthead disease makes its prevention and control very difficult. Based on the occurrence of rice straighthead disease and the results of field experiments in dryland-to-paddy field in Chaling County of Hunan Province in 2020 and 2021, the cause of this disease was analyzed in detail and major strategies for its prevention and control were proposed in this study. The results from our investigation indicated that the rates of diseased panicle and grain in dryland-to-paddy field were 26.42% and 26.96% in 2020 respectively, and 26.30% and 24.00% in 2021 respectively, which resulted in yield loss by 25.11% and 22.92% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Furthermore, we found that serious soil compaction, poor soil aeration, low organic matter and continuous flooding were the major causes of serious occurrence of rice straighthead disease. By adopting a series of targeted measures, such as applying more organic fertilizer, sulfur-containing fertilizer like potassium sulfate and quicklime, and draining off the irrigation water, the rice straighthead disease was effectively controlled, the rates of diseased panicle and grain in prevention and control plots were only 1.36% and 0.72%, respectively, but were up to 26.30% and 24.00% in the blank control plots, respectively. This study could provide certain reference for the prevention and control of rice straighthead disease in dryland-to-paddy field.

Key words: rice, straighthead disease, dryland-to-paddy field, occurrence cause, prevention and control measures