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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 123-129.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0314

所属专题： 畜牧兽医

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦杂交F1代牛生长发育规律分析

陈丽丽1(), 赵康2, 张漫1, 徐宝梁2, 芦娜1, 杨春蕾1, 刘佳爽1,3, 戚星宇1,3, 马毅1()   

  1. 1 天津市农业科学院，天津 300192
    2 天津嘉立荷牧业集团有限公司，天津 300404
    3 天津农学院动物科技学院，天津 300384
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-21 修回日期:2022-09-14 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 马毅，男，1976年出生，甘肃平凉人，研究员，博士，主要从事奶牛良种繁育研究。通信地址：300381 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处 天津市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，Tel：022-83726967，E-mail：tjnnyz@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    陈丽丽，女，1986年出生，黑龙江五常人，畜牧师，硕士，主要从事动物营养及饲料科学研究。通信地址：300381 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处 天津市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，Tel：022-83726967，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技计划项目“奶牛新品系-滨海红牛的培育”(19ZXZYSN00020); 天津市奶牛产业技术体系“科技创新综合试验站”(ITTCRS2021000020); 天津市农业科学院种业自主创新专项资助“奶牛重要经济性状分子精准鉴定研究”(2022ZYCX010)

Analysis of Growth and Development of Hybrid F1 Generation of German Simmental and Holstein

CHEN Lili1(), ZHAO Kang2, ZHANG Man1, XU Baoliang2, LU Na1, YANG Chunlei1, LIU Jiashuang1,3, QI Xingyu1,3, MA Yi1()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192
    2 Tianjin Jialihe Animal Husbandry Group Company Limted, Tianjin 300404
    3 Tianjin Agricultural College, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384
  • Received:2022-04-21 Revised:2022-09-14 Online:2023-04-05 Published:2023-03-27

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摘要：

为分析德系西门塔尔牛公牛与中国荷斯坦母牛杂交F1代生长发育规律，构建杂交F1代母牛体尺生长规律模型，探究杂交F1代母牛与相同条件下3、6、13、18月龄荷斯坦母牛体尺差异，试验测量杂交F1代公牛（0~6月龄）、母牛（0~23月龄）及3、6、13、18月龄荷斯坦母牛的体高、十字部位高、体斜长、胸围、腹围和尻宽等体尺数据，用Logistic、Brody、Gompertz和Bertallanffy等4种公式为模型，对杂交F1代母牛体尺和月龄间关系进行拟合，以曲线的拟合度R2评价曲线拟合效果。结果表明，德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦杂交F1代牛各项体尺指标随月龄增长均呈增长趋势，但不同体尺指标的生长速率不同；F1代母牛在5月龄之前，体高、十字部位高、体斜长、胸围、腹围的平均增长量为5.31、5.99、8.33、11.11、16.29 cm/月，在6月龄时各项指标增长幅度变小，分别增长1.76、2.99、6.34、7.81、7.56 cm/月，但这种缓慢增长的形势在7、8月龄时得到缓解；9月龄以后各项体尺指标相对稳定提高，到达17月龄后，各指标增长缓慢；杂交F1代公牛6月龄前体高、十字部位高、体斜长、胸围、腹围平均增长速度分别为4.29、4.76、6.76、9.34、14.73 cm/月；杂交F1代母牛3月龄后各项体尺指标均高于荷斯坦母牛。本试验中拟合的各项体尺指标曲线可作为估测德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦杂交F1代母牛生长规律的模型使用，可为引进德系西门塔尔牛进行中国荷斯坦牛杂交改良工作提供基础数据。

关键词: 德系西门塔尔牛, 杂交F1代, 生长发育, 体尺

Abstract:

The study aims to analyze the growth and development law of the hybrid F1 generation between German Simmental bulls and Chinese Holstein cows, build model of the body size growth law of hybrid F1 generation cows, and explore the difference of body size between hybrid F1 generation cows and Holstein cows at 3, 6, 13 and 18-month-old levels under the same condition. The body size data, including body height, cross height, body oblique length, chest circumference, abdominal circumference and maximum hip breadth of hybrid F1 generation bulls (0-6 months)，hybrid F1 generation cows (0-23 months) and 3, 6, 13, and 18-month-old Holstein cows were measured. Logistic, Brody, Gompertz and Bertallanffy were used as models to fit the relationship between body size and month age of hybrid F1 cows, and the curve fitting effect was evaluated by curve fitting degree R2. The results showed that the body size indicators of hybrid F1 generation cattle all showed an increasing trend with the increase of months, but the growth rates of different body size indicators were different. Before the age of 5 months, the average growth of body height, cross body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and abdominal circumference of F1 generation cows was 5.31, 5.99, 8.33, 11.11 and 16.29 cm/month. At the age of 6 months, the growth rate of each indicator became smaller, increased by 1.76, 2.99, 6.34, 7.81 and 7.56 cm/month, respectively. However, this slow growth trend was alleviated at the age of 7 and 8 months. After the age of 9 months, the body size indicators increased relatively steadily, and after reaching the age of 17 months, the indicators increased slowly. The average growth rate of body height, cross body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and abdominal circumference of hybrid F1 generation bulls at 6 months of age was 4.29, 4.76, 6.76, 9.34 and 14.73 cm/month. After 3 months of age, all the body size indicators of hybrid F1 generation cows were higher than those of Holstein cows. The body size index curves fitted in this experiment can be used as a model for estimating the growth law of hybrid F1 generation of German Simmental and Holstein, and provide basic data for the hybridization improvement of Chinese Holstein cattle with the introduction of German Simmental cattle.

Key words: German Simmental, hybrid F1 generation, growth and development, body size