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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 57-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0042

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

高温热害对红心猕猴桃影响研究——以2022年四川盆区为例

王勤1(), 赵周2, 张鑫宇1, 曾娟1, 张乐1, 谯蓉2, 侯春霞3   

  1. 1 四川省广元市气象局,四川广元 628017
    2 四川省苍溪县气象局,四川苍溪 628400
    3 四川省广元市农业农村局,四川广元 628017
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-11 修回日期:2023-10-11 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 作者简介:

    王勤,女,1964年出生,四川眉山人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事防灾减灾与农业气象服务。通信地址:628017 四川省广元市利州东路二段59号 广元市气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(SCQXKJYJXMS202101)

Study on the Impact of High-Temperature Heat Stress on Red-fleshed Kiwifruit: A Case Study of the Sichuan Basin in 2022

WANG Qin1(), ZHAO Zhou2, ZHANG Xinyu1, ZENG Juan1, ZHANG Le1, QIAO Rong2, HOU Chunxia3   

  1. 1 Guangyuan Meteorological Bureau, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628017
    2 Cangxi County Meteorological Bureau, Cangxi, Sichuan 628400
    3 Guangyuan Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628017
  • Received:2023-01-11 Revised:2023-10-11 Published-:2023-12-20 Online:2023-12-20

摘要:

为研究高温热害对红心猕猴桃的影响,采用红心猕猴桃高温热害指数,以2022年四川盆区高温热害为例,利用红心猕猴桃农业气象观测记录、品质试验数据和园区高温热害调研资料,就高温热害及其对红心猕猴桃产量和品质的影响进行定量评估。结果表明,2022年四川盆区红心猕猴桃高温热害为1978年以来最强,平均强度指数、覆盖率、综合影响评估指数刷新了记录。极端高温热害对猕猴桃产量和品质造成严重影响,其中较2021年,单果重平均下降19%~46%,着色平均下降1~2个等级,糖度增加15%~50%,可溶性固形物变化不大,在±3.2%以内,可滴定酸增加15.6%,维生素C含量平均增加13.6%~86.2%,单宁减少9.8%~61.5%。糖酸、单宁数据变化异于常年,使得口味变淡或怪异。高温热害影响与强度呈正相关,高温热害越强影响越大。高温热害与防灾减灾能力呈负相关。针对猕猴桃园区,提前发布猕猴桃高温热害预警,采取大棚遮阴、地面覆草和适当灌溉等,改善园区小气候环境的措施,可有效减轻高温热害影响。

关键词: 红心猕猴桃, 高温热害, 定量评价, 四川盆区, 预警指标

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of high-temperature heat stress on red-fleshed kiwifruit, the high-temperature heat stress index for red-fleshed kiwifruit was employed. Taking the high-temperature heat stress in the Sichuan basin in 2022 as an example, quantitative evaluations were conducted on the impact of high-temperature heat stress on yield and quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit using agricultural meteorological observation records, quality test data, and surveys on high-temperature heat stress in red-fleshed kiwifruit orchards. The results showed that the high-temperature heat stress on red-fleshed kiwifruit in the Sichuan basin in 2022 was the most severe since 1978, with the average intensity index, coverage rate, and comprehensive impact assessment index all breaking previous records. Extreme high-temperature heat stress had a significant impact on yield and quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit. The average individual fruit weight decreased by 19%-46% compared to the previous year, coloration deteriorated by 1-2 grades, sugar content increased by 15%-50%, and soluble solids showed little change, within ±3.2%. Titratable acidity increased by 15.6%, vitamin C content increased by 13.6%-86.2%, and tannin content decreased by 9.8%-61.5% compared to the previous year. Changes in sugar-to-acid ratio and tannin content deviated from normal, resulting in a less appealing or peculiar taste. The impact of high-temperature heat stress was positively correlated with its intensity, indicating that a stronger heat stress led to a greater impact. Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between high-temperature heat stress and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. For red-fleshed kiwifruit orchards, issuing early warnings for high-temperature heat stress and implementing measures such as shade netting, ground cover, and appropriate irrigation can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of high-temperature heat stress.

Key words: red-fleshed kiwifruit, high-temperature heat stress, quantitative evaluation, Sichuan basin, warning indicators