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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 118-130.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1994

所属专题： 水产渔业

• 水产 渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

河蟹高温热害综合指数的构建及应用

张旭晖1,时冬头2,王欣欣2,何 浪3,孔维财2   

  1. (1江苏省气象服务中心,南京 210008；2南京市高淳区气象局,南京 211300；3江苏省气象局,南京 210008）
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-21 修回日期:2014-07-21 接受日期:2014-09-30 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 张旭晖
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省气象科研开放基金项目“河蟹养殖气象保障关键技术研究”(KM201406)。

The Construction and Application of High Temperature Stress Index System for River Crab Breeding

Zhang Xuhui1, Shi Dongtou2, Wang Xinxin2, He Lang3, Kong Weicai2   

  1. （1Jiangsu Meteorological Service Center, Nanjing 210008; 2Gaochun Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 211300;3Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210008)
  • Received:2014-07-21 Revised:2014-07-21 Accepted:2014-09-30 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-03-19

摘要： 根据河蟹养殖期间高温热害发生的主要特征，基于河蟹养殖高温指标和权重指数构建了河蟹高温热害指数模型，使用江苏高淳区固城湖河蟹养殖历史观测资料对模型参数确定，建立了日高温热害等级判别指标体系，系统分析了全省河蟹养殖高温热害发生规律和气候变化趋势。结果表明：河蟹养殖高温热害主要发生时段为6—8月（即江苏夏季）。河蟹高温热害指数随年际变化呈明显的“U”字型，第一高发期在20世纪60年代，第二高发期在21世纪前13年，第二高发期的发生频率和危害程度均高于第一高发期。主要易发区域是沿江和苏南地区，里下河地区相对较轻。为了科学防御高温热害的影响，建立了养殖水环境监测系统和高温热害气象预警服务系统，及时发布监测预警信息，通过调整水位、投饵量和时间等来减轻高温热害的影响，提高河蟹养殖经济效益。

关键词: 黄瓜枯萎病菌, 黄瓜枯萎病菌, 拮抗菌, 芽孢杆菌

Abstract: According to the main features of high temperature stress during the river crab breeding period, a high temperature stress model was constructed based on high temperature index and weight coefficient, and the model parameters were determined using Gucheng lake crab breeding observation data during 1961-2013. With the model, a day high temperature stress grading index system was set up in this paper and the occurrence?regularity?of high temperature stress and its climatic change trend were analyzed in Jiangsu Province. The result showed that the high temperature stress during river crab breeding period mainly occurred from Jun to August. The high temperature stress index curve presented to be a U-shape, the first peak period was in 1960s, the second peak was in recent 13 years. The occurrence frequency and extent of damage of the second peak were far higher than that of the first peak. The main susceptible area was southern Jiangsu, while the Lixiahe?region was less susceptible. In order to scientifically prevent the influence of high temperature stress, a breeding water environment monitoring system and high temperature damage warning system were built to monitor and publish early warning information and provide reference for prevention. By increasing water level and adapting bait volume and time to mitigate the influence of high temperature stress and improve the economic benefit of river crab breeding.