外源物质对高粱种子萌发及幼苗形态的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0370

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究不同外源物质对高粱种子萌发及幼苗形态的影响，本试验以‘红缨子’为材料，采用浸种和水培的方法，探讨不同浓度的硝普钠(SNP)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、水杨酸(SA)和氨基寡糖素(AS)对种子萌发及幼苗株高、根长、基部茎粗、地上部鲜干重、根鲜干重的影响。试验结果表明：（1）0.8 mmol/L SA、0.64 mmol/L AS浸种对种子萌发效果最佳。（2）0.02 mmol/L SNP、0.5 mmol/L GABA、0.2 mmol/L SA、0.64 mmol/L AS浸种显著促进幼苗生长。（3）不同外源物质水培对幼苗的营养器官敏感程度不同，1.5 mmol/L SNP能更好地促进幼苗生长，随着SNP浓度升高，根系长度呈下降趋势；SA水培除了株高，其他形态指标呈显著促进效果，利于培育矮秆壮苗；2.0 mmol/L AS对幼苗根伸长有明显促进作用；2.0~3.0 mmol/L GABA水培不利于幼苗生长。综上所述，不同外源物质通过提高种子萌发和增强幼苗形态指标，解决高粱出苗难和苗羸弱的问题。本研究结果为开发提升高粱种苗质量的种子处理剂产品提供了理论依据。

关键词: 高粱, 硝普钠, γ-氨基丁酸, 水杨酸, 氨基寡糖素, 种子萌发, 幼苗形态

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different exogenous materials on sorghum seed germination and seedling morphology, different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylic acid (SA) and amino-oligosaccharide (AS) were used to study the effect on seed germination, seedling plant height, root length, basal stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight by seed priming and hydroponic methods. The results showed that: (1) 0.8 mmol/L SA and 0.64 mmol/L AS had the best effect on seed germination. (2) 0.02 mmol/L SNP, 0.5 mmol/L GABA, 0.2 mmol/L SA, and 0.64 mmol/L AS significantly promoted seedling growth. (3) The sensitivity of different exogenous materials to the vegetative organs of seedlings was different. 1.5 mmol/L SNP could better promote the growth of seedlings. The root length showed a downward trend with the increase in SNP concentration. In addition to plant height, other morphological indicators of SA application showed a significant promotion effect, which was conducive to the cultivation of dwarf and strong seedlings. 2.0 mmol/L AS significantly promoted the root elongation of seedlings. 2.0-3.0 mmol/L GABA was not conducive to seedling growth. In summary, seed priming with different exogenous materials can solve the problems of difficult seedling emergence and weak seedling of sorghum by improving seed germination and enhancing seedling morphological indexes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of seed treatment agents to improve the quality of sorghum seedlings.

Key words: sorghum, sodium nitroprusside, γ-aminobutyric acid, salicylic acid, amino-oligosaccharides, seed germination, seedling morphology

李远红, 李振华, 蔡磊, 丁婷, 万薇, 周旭帆, 何雨琦. 外源物质对高粱种子萌发及幼苗形态的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(15): 29-36.

LI Yuanhong, LI Zhenhua, CAI Lei, DING Ting, WAN Wei, ZHOU Xufan, HE Yuqi. Effects of Exogenous Material on Seed Germination and Seedling Morphology of Sorghum[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(15): 29-36.

图/表 16

参考文献 27

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处理	浓度/(mmol/L)
蒸馏水	CK
硝普钠	SNP1=0.02	SNP2=0.04	SNP3=0.06	SNP4=0.08
γ-氨基丁酸	GABA1=0.3	GABA2=0.5	GABA3=0.7	GABA4=0.9
水杨酸	SA1=0.2	SA2=0.36	SA3=0.6	SA4=0.8
氨基寡糖素	AS1=0.08	AS2=0.16	AS3=0.32	AS4=0.64

处理	浓度/(mmol/L)
蒸馏水	CK
硝普钠	SNP1=0.02	SNP2=0.04	SNP3=0.06	SNP4=0.08
γ-氨基丁酸	GABA1=0.3	GABA2=0.5	GABA3=0.7	GABA4=0.9
水杨酸	SA1=0.2	SA2=0.36	SA3=0.6	SA4=0.8
氨基寡糖素	AS1=0.08	AS2=0.16	AS3=0.32	AS4=0.64

处理	浓度/(mmol/L)
营养液	CK
硝普钠	硝1=1.0	硝2=1.5	硝3=2.0
γ-氨基丁酸	丁1=0.5	丁2=2.0	丁3=3.0
水杨酸	水1=1.2	水2=2.4	水3=3.6
氨基寡糖素	寡糖1=2.0	寡糖2=3.5	寡糖3=5.0

处理	浓度/(mmol/L)
营养液	CK
硝普钠	硝1=1.0	硝2=1.5	硝3=2.0
γ-氨基丁酸	丁1=0.5	丁2=2.0	丁3=3.0
水杨酸	水1=1.2	水2=2.4	水3=3.6
氨基寡糖素	寡糖1=2.0	寡糖2=3.5	寡糖3=5.0

处理	发芽势/%	发芽率/%
SNP1	62.67	80.67
SNP2	62.67	86.67
SNP3	69.33	86
SNP4	63.33	88
CK	68.67	86