云南不同入侵地区的加拿大一枝黄花表型观测分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0570

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (17): 127-134.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0570

所属专题：生物技术；植物保护

云南不同入侵地区的加拿大一枝黄花表型观测分析

范泽文¹^,²(), 郑凤萍²^,³, 杨云海²^,³, 杨韶松²^,³, 张付斗²^,³(), 申时才²^,³, 徐高峰²^,³, 张志燕², 钏丽¹^,², 崔宇琛¹^,²

¹ 云南大学资源植物研究院，昆明 650504
² 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
³ 云南省联合共建澜湄农业生物安全联合研究中心，昆明 650205

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-10-31 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-11
通讯作者:
张付斗，男，1971年出生，云南祥云人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：杂草、生态学。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，E-mail：fdzh@vip.sin.com。
作者简介:
范泽文，男，1998年出生，河南周口人，硕士，研究方向：外来入侵植物、生态学。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，E-mail：18539414083@163.com。
基金资助:
云南省重点研发计划“共建澜湄农业生物安全联合研究中心”(202103AF14007); “云南省绿色防控国际技术转移中心”(202203AE140008)

Phenotypic Observation of Canada Asiatica in Different Invasive Areas of Yunnan

FAN Zewen¹^,²(), ZHENG Fengping²^,³, YANG Yunhai²^,³, YANG Shaosong²^,³, ZHANG Fudou²^,³(), SHEN Shicai²^,³, XU Gaofeng²^,³, ZHANG Zhiyan², CHUAN Li¹^,², CUI Yuchen¹^,²

¹ School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504
² Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
³ Yunnan Lancang-Mekong Agricultural Bio-security International Science and Technology Cooperation Joint Research Center, Kunming 650205

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-10-31 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在明确加拿大一枝黄花在云南省11个不同发生地区的生态适应性。在同质园条件下分别观测其植物性状及差异。试验可以看出，不同入侵地区发生的加拿大一枝黄花，在同质园条件下进一步的生长、繁殖特征差异显著，其中根萌芽性状指数的变异幅度达到了54.23%，茎秆直径、叶宽和叶形指数变异幅度为23.63%~26.31%。在生物量分配比中，花生物量分配占比最高的植株来自文山州丘北县，叶生物量分配占比最高的植株来自昆明西山区，茎秆生物量分配占比最高的植株来自昆明盘龙区，根部生物量分配占比最高的同样来自昆明盘龙区。进一步测定加拿大一枝黄花POD、SOD、CAT、MDA酶活，来自11个不同入侵地区和生境的植株群体表现出显著差异，其中以文山州丘北点和昆明盘龙点的加拿大一枝黄花植株的茎秆、株高和酶活等性状表现较为突出。通过聚类分析发现植物性状中叶表现出一定差异性，但在气候因子的偏相关性分析中发现，原始地的气候因子对加拿大一枝黄花的影响较小。结果表明，加拿大一枝黄花的植物性状基本稳定一致，但不同入侵地区由于环境条件的不同，表型具有一定差异和可塑性。研究结果对明确该加拿大一枝黄花在云南省的生态适应性奠定重要科学基础，同时为预警、监测及防范该入侵植物的扩展提供科学依据。

关键词: 加拿大一枝黄花, 植物性状, 植物可塑性, 酶活性, 同质园试验

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the ecological adaptability of Solidago canadensis L. in 11 different occurrence areas in Yunnan Province. The plant traits and differences were observed under common garden conditions, respectively. The results showed that the further growth and reproduction characteristics of Solidago canadensis L. occurring in different invasive regions differed significantly under common garden conditions, in which the variation of root sprouting trait index reached 54.23%, and the variation of stem diameter, leaf width and leaf shape indexes ranged from 23.63%-26.31%. Among the biomass allocation ratios, the plant with the highest percentage of flower biomass allocation was from Qiubei County of Wenshan Prefecture, the plant with the highest percentage of leaf biomass allocation was from Xishan District of Kunming, the plant with the highest percentage of culm biomass allocation was from Panlong District of Kunming, and the plant with the highest percentage of root biomass allocation was also from Panlong District of Kunming. In the further determination of the four enzyme activities of POD, SOD, CAT and MDA, the plant populations from 11 different invasive regions and habitats showed significant differences, among which those from Qiubei point and Panlong point were the most prominent. In the cluster analysis, it was found that the leaves in the plant traits showed certain variability, but in the bias correlation analysis of climatic factors, the climatic factors in the original place had less influence on Solidago canadensis L. The results of the study showed that the plant traits of Solidago canadensis L. were basically stable and consistent, but the phenotypes in different invasive areas had some differences and plasticity due to the different environmental conditions. The results of this study lay an important scientific foundation for clarifying the ecological adaptability of the Solidago canadensis L. in Yunnan Province, and provide a scientific basis for early warning, monitoring and preventing the expansion of this invasive plant.

Key words: Solidago canadensis L., botanical trait, plant plasticity, enzymatic activity, common garden experiment

范泽文, 郑凤萍, 杨云海, 杨韶松, 张付斗, 申时才, 徐高峰, 张志燕, 钏丽, 崔宇琛. 云南不同入侵地区的加拿大一枝黄花表型观测分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(17): 127-134.

FAN Zewen, ZHENG Fengping, YANG Yunhai, YANG Shaosong, ZHANG Fudou, SHEN Shicai, XU Gaofeng, ZHANG Zhiyan, CHUAN Li, CUI Yuchen. Phenotypic Observation of Canada Asiatica in Different Invasive Areas of Yunnan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(17): 127-134.

图/表 6

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编号	采集地址	生境	海拔/m	经度(E)/°	纬度(N)/°
KPZ	昆明市盘龙区庄科村	路边荒地	1941	102.8701547	25.2361231
KX	昆明市西山区碧鸡街道	人工林	1857	102.6534609	24.9153123
KJ	昆明市晋宁区昆阳兴旺环湖路	路边荒地	1864	102.600477	24.684998
KC	昆明市呈贡区捞鱼河湿地公园	人工林	1840	102.7751749	24.8260382
KPA	昆明市盘龙区阿子营	湿地	2035	102.7735417	24.347415
KL	昆明市禄劝县转龙镇	沟渠	1952	102.8747267	24.887353
KPD	昆明市盘龙区甸尾村	人工林	1921	102.8634683	24.212613
LJ	曲靖市罗平县江边村	沟渠	1456	104.29342	24.933336
LS	曲靖市罗平县江召公路	路边荒地	1467	104.3042066	24.853715
WP	文山州丘北县普者黑国家湿地公园	公园绿化	1449	104.140338	24.09644
LH	曲靖市罗平县罗平花海驿栈	农田	1470	104.3332316	24.903108

编号	采集地址	生境	海拔/m	经度(E)/°	纬度(N)/°
KPZ	昆明市盘龙区庄科村	路边荒地	1941	102.8701547	25.2361231
KX	昆明市西山区碧鸡街道	人工林	1857	102.6534609	24.9153123
KJ	昆明市晋宁区昆阳兴旺环湖路	路边荒地	1864	102.600477	24.684998
KC	昆明市呈贡区捞鱼河湿地公园	人工林	1840	102.7751749	24.8260382
KPA	昆明市盘龙区阿子营	湿地	2035	102.7735417	24.347415
KL	昆明市禄劝县转龙镇	沟渠	1952	102.8747267	24.887353
KPD	昆明市盘龙区甸尾村	人工林	1921	102.8634683	24.212613
LJ	曲靖市罗平县江边村	沟渠	1456	104.29342	24.933336
LS	曲靖市罗平县江召公路	路边荒地	1467	104.3042066	24.853715
WP	文山州丘北县普者黑国家湿地公园	公园绿化	1449	104.140338	24.09644
LH	曲靖市罗平县罗平花海驿栈	农田	1470	104.3332316	24.903108

编号	株高/cm	茎杆直径/cm	根萌芽	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	叶形指数
KPZ	108.50±24.10b	0.68±0.13b	15.00±0.71a	13.10±2.75ab	2.54±0.67ab	5.33±1.19abc
KX	121.68±9.65ab	0.84±0.11ab	7.00±1.00c	14.66±2.63ab	2.18±0.59ab	6.91±1.16ab
KJ	103.22±21.33b	0.72±0.19b	3.80±0.45e	11.86±1.31ab	2.18±0.47ab	5.63±1.32abc
KC	113.68±16.68ab	0.74±0.17b	5.20±0.84d	13.26±1.44ab	2.46±0.49ab	5.64±1.63abc
KPA	131.10±15.13ab	0.72±0.08b	5.40±0.55d	11.78±0.9ab	1.70±0.35b	7.12±1.27a
KL	116.38±23.56ab	0.72±0.16b	3.40±0.55ef	12.70±4.16ab	2.66±1.00ab	5.04±1.29bc
KPD	116.56±10.88ab	1.06±0.30a	6.80±0.84c	16.06±3.31a	3.06±0.91a	5.44±1.34abc
LJ	143.60±16.12a	1.00±0.12a	3.40±0.55ef	13.08±2.18ab	2.38±0.22ab	5.50±0.82abc
LS	116.02±12.41ab	1.00±0.07a	8.20±0.45b	13.96±1.75ab	2.30±0.51ab	6.29±1.48abc
WP	98.62±35.52b	0.69±0.24b	2.80±0.84f	11.50±2.35b	2.62±0.38ab	4.41±0.76c
LH	128.52±24.11ab	0.90±0.14ab	8.00±1.00b	13.96±1.93ab	2.58±0.57ab	5.59±1.12abc
平均值	117.99±22.19	0.83±0.21	6.27±3.40	13.27±2.54	2.42±0.64	5.72±1.35
可塑性指数PI_v	0.605	0.596	0.819	0.528	0.660	0.384
变异系数CV/%	18.80	24.86	54.23	19.17	26.31	23.63

编号	株高/cm	茎杆直径/cm	根萌芽	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	叶形指数
KPZ	108.50±24.10b	0.68±0.13b	15.00±0.71a	13.10±2.75ab	2.54±0.67ab	5.33±1.19abc
KX	121.68±9.65ab	0.84±0.11ab	7.00±1.00c	14.66±2.63ab	2.18±0.59ab	6.91±1.16ab
KJ	103.22±21.33b	0.72±0.19b	3.80±0.45e	11.86±1.31ab	2.18±0.47ab	5.63±1.32abc
KC	113.68±16.68ab	0.74±0.17b	5.20±0.84d	13.26±1.44ab	2.46±0.49ab	5.64±1.63abc
KPA	131.10±15.13ab	0.72±0.08b	5.40±0.55d	11.78±0.9ab	1.70±0.35b	7.12±1.27a
KL	116.38±23.56ab	0.72±0.16b	3.40±0.55ef	12.70±4.16ab	2.66±1.00ab	5.04±1.29bc
KPD	116.56±10.88ab	1.06±0.30a	6.80±0.84c	16.06±3.31a	3.06±0.91a	5.44±1.34abc
LJ	143.60±16.12a	1.00±0.12a	3.40±0.55ef	13.08±2.18ab	2.38±0.22ab	5.50±0.82abc
LS	116.02±12.41ab	1.00±0.07a	8.20±0.45b	13.96±1.75ab	2.30±0.51ab	6.29±1.48abc
WP	98.62±35.52b	0.69±0.24b	2.80±0.84f	11.50±2.35b	2.62±0.38ab	4.41±0.76c
LH	128.52±24.11ab	0.90±0.14ab	8.00±1.00b	13.96±1.93ab	2.58±0.57ab	5.59±1.12abc
平均值	117.99±22.19	0.83±0.21	6.27±3.40	13.27±2.54	2.42±0.64	5.72±1.35
可塑性指数PI_v	0.605	0.596	0.819	0.528	0.660	0.384
变异系数CV/%	18.80	24.86	54.23	19.17	26.31	23.63

编号	POD/(U/g)	SOD/(U/g)	MDA/(U/g)	CAT/[U/(g min)]
KPZ	173.67	263.23	2.79	13.61
KX	175.30	78.61	3.16	8.46
KJ	167.31	62.75	2.06	4.61
KC	167.13	55.49	1.52	9.06
KPA	163.00	150.61	2.52	6.08
KL	180.43	159.52	1.37	10.84
KPD	214.72	105.03	0.72	8.40
LJ	185.68	108.49	0.54	8.04
LS	174.34	86.70	2.46	5.60
WP	173.37	102.01	1.21	8.08
LH	190.00	217.98	2.82	4.19

云南不同入侵地区的加拿大一枝黄花表型观测分析

Phenotypic Observation of Canada Asiatica in Different Invasive Areas of Yunnan

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植物相关性状	海拔/ m	等温性	最冷月份最低温度/ ℃	气温年较差/℃	最干月份降水量/ mm	降水量季节性变化/ mm	综合偏相关系数
叶生物量	-0.018	0.067	-0.065	0.010	-0.097	-0.165	0.07
根生物量	-0.043	0.176	-0.025	0.171	-0.080	-0.475	0.16
花生物量	-0.273	-0.197	0.241	-0.162	0.122	0.157	0.19
茎生物量	-0.215	0.027	0.139	-0.086	-0.061	-0.063	0.10
株高	-0.081	0.141	0.178	-0.257	-0.228	0.022	0.15
茎秆直径	-0.275	0.077	0.072	0.058	0.058	-0.021	0.09
叶长	-0.085	0.148	-0.056	0.242	0.029	0.124	0.11
叶宽	0.015	0.225	-0.084	0.168	-0.090	-0.132	0.12
根萌芽	0.179	0.055	-0.373	0.353	0.008	-0.035	0.17
叶形指数	0.176	0.003	-0.009	-0.182	-0.128	-0.241	0.12

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