欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (18): 58-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0592

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的影响

陈友明1,2,3(), 郭晏汝4, 马行空3, 田间3, 董元华1,2()   

  1. 1 土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室(中国科学院),南京 210008
    2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3 江苏省淡水水产研究所,南京 210017
    4 山东省烟台市城市管理局,山东烟台 264001
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-10 修回日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-06-18
  • 通讯作者:
    董元华,男,1964年出生,湖北建始人,研究员,博士生导师,博士,主要从事土壤生态、污染生态方面的研究工作。通信地址:210008 江苏南京北京东路71号 中国科学院南京土壤研究所,Tel:025-86881370,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈友明,男,1980年出生,江西高安人,副研究员,博士研究生,研究方向:生态养殖环境调控。通信地址:210017 江苏南京建邺区南湖东路90号 江苏省淡水水产研究所,Tel:025-86581562,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目“河蟹高产抗逆新品种选育”(JBGS[2021]126); 江苏省现代农业重点项目“河蟹规模化绿色养殖与质控技术集成创新与示范”(BE2019393); 江苏现代农业(河蟹)产业技术体系种质创制与苗种繁育创新团队(JATS[2022]409)

Effects of Rice-crab Coculture on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities

CHEN Youming1,2,3(), GUO Yanru4, MA Xingkong3, TIAN Jian3, DONG Yuanhua1,2()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017
    4 Urban Administrative Bureau of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264001
  • Received:2023-08-10 Revised:2023-12-18 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-06-18

摘要:

为探究稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的影响,采用水泥池模拟稻田环境的方法,对比研究了稻蟹共作与水稻单作模式7个土壤理化指标和4个土壤酶活性的差异。结果表明:与稻田单作相比,稻蟹共作对土壤容重、土壤含水率和土壤还原性物质总量均有显著影响(P<0.05);稻蟹组的总有机碳略高于稻田组,但总氮略低于稻田组;稻蟹组与稻田组的Eh存在极显著差异,两组之间差异达20.95%;稻蟹组和稻田组土壤粒径机械组成均为粉粒>粘粒>粗细砂粒,粉粒占比均超过80%,且两组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);随着土壤深度的增加,稻田组的四种酶活性均呈显著下降趋势;稻蟹组的脲酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性变化与稻田组一致,呈显著下降趋势,但其酸性磷酸酶没有变化。可见,稻蟹共作系统由于河蟹的引入,降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤含水率,改良了土壤,其水稻根系分布较多的10~15 cm底层土壤显示了较强的土壤酶活性,促进了水稻对稻蟹共作系统中碳、氮等元素的高效利用。因此,稻蟹共作系统既有利于水稻生长,又有利于河蟹养殖,可以作为一种生态种养模式在江苏地区推广应用。

关键词: 稻蟹共作, 土壤容重, 土壤含水率, 土壤还原性物质总量, 土壤粒径, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

To explore the effects of rice-crab coculture on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities, the differences of seven soil physical and chemical indexes and four soil enzyme activities between rice-crab coculture and rice monoculture were studied by using the cement pond simulating paddy field environment. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil bulk density, soil water content and total reducing substances between rice-crab coculture and rice monoculture (P<0.05). The total organic carbon of the rice-crab group was slightly higher than that of rice filed group, but the total nitrogen was slightly lower than that of rice field group. There was a significant difference in Eh between the rice-crab group and the rice monoculture group with a difference of 20.95%. The mechanical composition of soil particle size in rice-crab group and rice field group was silt>clay >coarse and fine sand, and the proportion of silt was more than 80%, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). With the increase of soil depth, the activities of four enzymes in rice filed group decreased significantly. The activities of urease, cellulase and sucrase in the rice-crab group showed the same trends as those in the rice field group, but the acid phosphatase did not change. It could be seen that the introduction of crabs into the integrated rice-crab system reduced the soil bulk density, increased the soil water content, and improved the soil quality. Soil enzyme activities were stronger in the 10-15 cm bottom soil where rice roots were more distributed, which promoted the efficient utilization of carbon and nitrogen by rice in the integrated rice-crab system. Therefore, the integrated rice-crab system is beneficial to both rice growth and crab culture, and can be used as an ecological planting and breeding model in Jiangsu Province.

Key words: rice-crab coculture, soil bulk density, soil water content, total reducing substances, soil particle diameter, soil enzyme activity