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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 83-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110065

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕作方式对黑土区农田土壤物理特性的影响

平翠枝1, 红梅2,3(), 王文东2, 赵巴音那木拉2,3, 美丽2, 刘鹏飞2, 赵乌英嘎2   

  1. 1 内蒙古阿荣旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 162750
    2 内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特 010011
    3 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,呼和浩特 010011
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16 修回日期:2019-02-14 出版日期:2020-03-05 发布日期:2020-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 红梅
  • 作者简介:平翠枝,女,1963年出生,山东泰安人,农艺师,本科,主要从事农业技术推广工作。Tel:0470-4222993,E-mail:754666455@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业科研专项(2016-GC0082-5)

Effect of Tillage Management Modes on Farmland Physical Properties in Black Soil Region

Ping Cuizhi1, Hong Mei2,3(), Wang Wendong2, Zhao Bayinnamula2,3, Mei Li2, Liu Pengfei2, Zhao Wuyingga2   

  1. 1 Extension Center of Agricultural Technology in Arong Banner of lnner Mongolia, Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia 162750
    2 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011
    3 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Huhhot 010011
  • Received:2018-11-16 Revised:2019-02-14 Online:2020-03-05 Published:2020-03-02
  • Contact: Mei Hong

摘要:

为探讨耕作方式对黑土区农田土壤物理特性的影响,2016年6—9月在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗试验区设置3种耕作方式[深松(SS)、免耕(MG)及常规耕作(CK)],分别采集0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层的土样,对土壤容重、含水量、土壤渗透速率及土壤孔隙度进行调查。结果表明:3种耕作方式土壤容重及含水量均表现为SS>CK>MG;土壤入渗特征表现为初始入渗率>平均渗透率>稳定入渗率;土壤入渗速率及累计入渗量表现为SS>CK>MG;土壤孔隙度以SS处理下最高且随着月份的增加土壤孔隙度降低。主成分分析表明,初始入渗速率和渗透总量对不同耕作方式最为敏感,可以作为考察东北黑土区农田耕作效应与缓解黑土地退化的评价指标。由综合得分可知,不同耕作方式下土壤性能优劣表现为SS>MG>CK。综上,深松耕作可以有效降低土壤容重,提高土壤含水量,促进土壤渗透能力;免耕更有利于水分的保持,降低土壤的无效蒸发。

关键词: 深松, 免耕, 常规耕作, 土壤容重, 土壤含水量, 土壤入渗速率

Abstract:

To understand the effects of different tillage modes on farmland physical properties in black soil region, a field experiment was conducted at the Arong Banner of Inner Mongolia from June to September, 2016. Three tillage modes included subsoiling (SS), no-tillage (MG) and conventional tillage (CK) were set up. By the collection of the soil samples from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm respectively, the soil bulk density, moisture and permeability were investigated. The results showed that the soil bulk density and moisture of the three tillage modes were in the order of SS>CK>MG; the eigenvalues of soil infiltration were in the order of initial infiltration rate> average infiltration rate> stable infiltration rate. The soil infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were in the order of SS>CK>MG. Soil total porosity was the highest under SS treatment, and decreased with the increase of month. Principal component analysis showed that the initial infiltration rate and total infiltration amount were most sensitive to tillage modes, and could be used as evaluation indexes to investigate farmland tillage effect and mitigate black soil degradation in the black soil region of Northeast China. According to the comprehensive score, the performance of soil under different tillage modes was SS>MG>CK. In conclusion, subsoiling tillage could effectively reduce soil bulk density, increase soil water content, and promote soil permeability; no-tillage is more conducive to water conservation and reducing soil evaporation.

Key words: subsoiling, no-tillage, conventional tillage, soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil infiltration rate

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