盐碱地的生物修复方法

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0585

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (17): 36-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0585

所属专题：生物技术

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

盐碱地的生物修复方法

胡诗钦¹^,²(), 顾怀应¹^,², 郭龙彪³, 郝芷圻³, 刘长华²(), 孟丽君¹()

¹ 佛山鲲鹏现代农业研究院，岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心，中国农业科学院（深圳）农业基因组研究所，广东深圳 518124
² 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，哈尔滨 150080
³ 中国水稻研究所，杭州 311401

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2024-02-17 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-11
通讯作者:
孟丽君，女，1982年出生，辽宁人，研究员，博士，研究方向：水稻遗传育种。通信地址：518120 广东省深圳市大鹏新区布新路97号中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所，E-mail：menglijun@caas.cn；
刘长华，女，1970年出生，黑龙江人，副教授，博士，研究方向：水稻分子育种与分子生物学。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，E-mail：liuchanghua70@163.com。
作者简介:
胡诗钦，男，1999年出生，广西人，硕士，研究方向：植物保护专业。通信地址：518120 广东省深圳市大鹏新区布新路97号中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所，E-mail：2222083@s.hlju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目“新水稻耐盐QTL/基因的利用和分子作用机制研究”(32261143470); 国家重点研发计划资助“中国-埃及水稻耐低氮、耐盐和耐旱基因挖掘与育种利用”(2022YFE0139400)

Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land

HU Shiqin¹^,²(), GU Huaiying¹^,², GUO Longbiao³, HAO Zhiqi³, LIU Changhua²(), MENG Lijun¹()

¹ Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan/ Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture/ Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518124
² College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
³ China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2024-02-17 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国盐碱地面积占全球盐碱地总面积的1/10，严重制约了农业生产的发展。因此，寻找有效的盐碱地修复方法对于提高农业产量和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。目前，盐碱地修复的方法有化学修复、工程修复和生物修复等，而生物修复以其经济高效和绿色环保的特点受到了广泛关注。生物修复通过植物和微生物等生物资源来改善盐碱地的土壤和环境。具体而言，盐生植物能够在盐碱地中生长繁殖，通过其特殊的生理机制，能够有效修复高浓度盐碱地，为后续作物种植创造良好条件。此外，普通作物也可以通过基因挖掘和品种培育的方式，增强其耐盐性，从而在盐碱地上实现正常生长，达到修复盐碱地的目的。除了植物，微生物也在盐碱地修复中发挥着重要作用。一些特定的微生物能够提高作物的耐盐性，或者通过降解盐碱土壤中的盐分和碱性物质，从而降低土壤的盐碱度，改善土壤环境。总的来说，生物修复是一种绿色环保，且符合中国可持续农业和循环经济发展战略的盐碱地修复方法。

关键词: 盐碱地利用, 生物修复, 耐盐植物, 微生物

Abstract:

The area of saline alkali land in China accounts for one tenth of the total area of saline alkali land in the world, which seriously restricts agricultural production. It is very important to repair and make good use of saline alkali land. At present, the methods of saline-alkali land remediation include chemical remediation, engineering remediation and bioremediation, among which bioremediation is an economical, efficient, green and sustainable method. Bioremediation improves the soil and environment of saline-alkali land through biological resources such as plants and microorganisms. Halophytes can grow and reproduce in saline-alkali soil and have the ability to repair high concentration saline-alkali soil, while common crops can enhance their salt tolerance through gene mining and variety cultivation to achieve the purpose of repairing saline-alkali soil. Microorganisms can also be used to improve crop salt tolerance or degrade salt and alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil. Bioremediation is a green and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of saline-alkali land, which is in line with the development strategy of sustainable agriculture and circular economy in China.

Key words: saline alkali land utilization, bioremediation, salt tolerant plants, microorganism

胡诗钦, 顾怀应, 郭龙彪, 郝芷圻, 刘长华, 孟丽君. 盐碱地的生物修复方法[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(17): 36-42.

HU Shiqin, GU Huaiying, GUO Longbiao, HAO Zhiqi, LIU Changhua, MENG Lijun. Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(17): 36-42.

图/表 2

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科	属	植物名称	最大/适宜盐浓度/(mmol/L)
苋科Amaranthaceae	滨藜属Atriplex	大洋洲滨藜Atriplex nummularia	600/200
		四翼滨藜Atriplex canescens	520/180
		Atriplex halimus	600/200
		大滨藜Atriplex lentiformis	720/180
		多果滨藜Atriplex polycarpa	400/100
		Atriplex spongiosa	750/200
		Atriplex californica	460/125
		中亚滨藜Atriplex centralasiatica	400/100
		Atriplex griffithii	360/90
		榆钱菠菜Atriplex hortensis	514/86
		Atriplex laciniata	600/100
		Atriplex leucophylla	400/125
		异苞滨藜Atriplex micrantha	600/100
		Atriplex portulacoides	1000/200
		戟叶滨藜Atriplex prostrata	600/100
		草地滨藜Atriplex patula	720/180
	雾冰藜属Bassia	钩刺沙冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia	720/180
	雾冰藜属Bassia	地肤Bassia scoparia	1800/300
	碱蓬属Suaeda	盐地碱蓬Suaeda salsa	800/200
	碱蓬属Suaeda	Suaeda fruticosa	1000/200
	墨节木属Allenrolfea	Allenrolfea occidentalis	1000/360
爵床科Acanthaceae	海榄雌属Avicennia	黑海榄雌Avicennia germinans	940/170
爵床科Acanthaceae	海榄雌属Avicennia	海榄雌Avicennia marina	1200/300
木麻黄科Casuarinaceae	异果木麻黄属Allocasuarina	海滨异木麻黄Allocasuarina littoralis	250/75
豆科Fabaceae	金合欢属Acacia	Acacia ampliceps	600/200
禾本科Poaceae	獐毛属Aeluropus	Aeluropus lagopoides	750/150
红树科Rhizophoraceae	木榄属Bruguiera	小花木榄Bruguiera parviflora	400/100
肉穗果科Bataceae	肉穗果属Batis	肉穗果Batis maritima	1000/200

科	属	植物名称	最大/适宜盐浓度/(mmol/L)
苋科Amaranthaceae	滨藜属Atriplex	大洋洲滨藜Atriplex nummularia	600/200
		四翼滨藜Atriplex canescens	520/180
		Atriplex halimus	600/200
		大滨藜Atriplex lentiformis	720/180
		多果滨藜Atriplex polycarpa	400/100
		Atriplex spongiosa	750/200
		Atriplex californica	460/125
		中亚滨藜Atriplex centralasiatica	400/100
		Atriplex griffithii	360/90
		榆钱菠菜Atriplex hortensis	514/86
		Atriplex laciniata	600/100
		Atriplex leucophylla	400/125
		异苞滨藜Atriplex micrantha	600/100
		Atriplex portulacoides	1000/200
		戟叶滨藜Atriplex prostrata	600/100
		草地滨藜Atriplex patula	720/180
	雾冰藜属Bassia	钩刺沙冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia	720/180
	雾冰藜属Bassia	地肤Bassia scoparia	1800/300
	碱蓬属Suaeda	盐地碱蓬Suaeda salsa	800/200
	碱蓬属Suaeda	Suaeda fruticosa	1000/200
	墨节木属Allenrolfea	Allenrolfea occidentalis	1000/360
爵床科Acanthaceae	海榄雌属Avicennia	黑海榄雌Avicennia germinans	940/170
爵床科Acanthaceae	海榄雌属Avicennia	海榄雌Avicennia marina	1200/300
木麻黄科Casuarinaceae	异果木麻黄属Allocasuarina	海滨异木麻黄Allocasuarina littoralis	250/75
豆科Fabaceae	金合欢属Acacia	Acacia ampliceps	600/200
禾本科Poaceae	獐毛属Aeluropus	Aeluropus lagopoides	750/150
红树科Rhizophoraceae	木榄属Bruguiera	小花木榄Bruguiera parviflora	400/100
肉穗果科Bataceae	肉穗果属Batis	肉穗果Batis maritima	1000/200

盐碱地的生物修复方法

Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land

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[1]	郑剑超, 李明, 董飞. 减施化肥增施有机肥和菌肥对番茄产量及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(9): 48-54.
[2]	杨义, 赵守祺, 葛菁萍, 宋刚, 杜仁鹏. 微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(9): 66-74.
[3]	陈睿, 崔泽远, 李志, 耿贵, 於丽华. AM真菌对连作土壤上作物生长影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(6): 1-8.
[4]	姜坤, 李玉国, 张道志, 徐恒伟, 冯丹萍, 孟小茜, 郑春英. 微生物发酵对刺五加叶黄酮类成分生物合成的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(3): 145-151.
[5]	石悦琪, 叶广彬, 孙珊珊, 葛菁萍. 聚乙烯(PE)生物降解的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(21): 69-77.
[6]	王兆轩, 敖国旭, 葛菁萍, 孙珊珊, 凌宏志. 厌氧消化技术在处理有机废弃物方面的应用现状[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(20): 84-91.
[7]	黄媛, 朱艳霞, 韦范, 林杨, 汤丹峰. 不同施肥量对仙草产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(20): 65-72.
[8]	吕雨泽, 蔡柏岩. AMF介导的菌根植物抵抗重金属Pb胁迫的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(2): 77-83.
[9]	郭新送, 魏菊花, 沙春岩, 高涵, 宋挚, 范仲卿, 尹静, 丁方军. 优化施肥对马铃薯产量、品质和土壤养分供应的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(2): 84-90.
[10]	张凯, 程彦弟, 胡皓楠, 冯海萍, 吴宏亮, 康建宏. 不同轮作模式通过改善西兰花土壤养分和真菌群落在土壤健康中的应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(18): 73-82.
[11]	关昕, 张赫, 祁可香, 李宛儒, 姜硕, 郑春英. 内生真菌RP4发酵对工业大麻三种主要大麻素含量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(18): 150-156.
[12]	张阳, 夏冰, 蔡奇, 谢会雅, 陈舜尧, 何伟, 黄琼慧, 王新月, 全柯颖, 邓小华. 减氮配施微生物菌剂对烤烟干物质和氮磷钾养分积累的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(16): 26-35.
[13]	林思远, 袁军委, 侯俊, 何文祥, 蔡亮, 吴俊达, 刘超, 刘翔. 有机肥小分子化促进作物增产增效的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(15): 59-65.
[14]	胡皓楠, 冯海萍, 张凯, 吴宏亮, 康建宏. 土壤微生物对种植模式的响应——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(13): 146-156.
[15]	秦宵睿, 乔青青, 景秀清, 翟飞红, 赵晓东, 李晓晶, 李永涛. 微生物电化学修复中污染土壤生化特性变化[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(12): 59-64.