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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (25): 113-117.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0642

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

白三叶花色遗传规律及对光温的响应

张鹤山(), 吴新江, 田宏, 熊军波, 陆姣云, 刘洋()   

  1. 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/动物胚胎及分子育种湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-12 修回日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-09-05 发布日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者:
    刘洋，男，1971年出生，湖北武汉人，研究员，本科，研究方向：草种质资源保护与利用。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市南湖大道7号 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，Tel：027-87156122，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张鹤山，男，1979年出生，山东乐陵人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：草种质资源创新与利用。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市南湖大道7号 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，Tel：027-87156122，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系“恩施综合试验站建设”(CARS-35)

Inheritance Law of White Clover Flower Color and Its Response to Light and Temperature

ZHANG Heshan(), WU Xinjiang, TIAN Hong, XIONG Junbo, LU Jiaoyun, LIU Yang()   

  1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430064
  • Received:2023-09-12 Revised:2024-01-15 Published:2024-09-05 Online:2024-08-27

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摘要：

为明确白三叶红花突变体花色性状的遗传规律，探究光温对花色表达的影响，以白三叶红花突变体和白花品种为材料进行杂交、回交、自交和测交试验，研究杂交后代花色性状分离规律，并分析不同温度和光照处理下白三叶突变体花色的色度差异。白三叶红花突变体与白花品种杂交F1代花瓣均显白色，突变体自交一代(S1)花瓣均显红色；F2代和回交一代(BC1)花色分离符合孟德尔遗传规律，红花与白花比例分别为49:699和96:279，基本符合1:15和1:3的预期比例。相对于暖温环境(28℃ 8 h，34℃ 16 h)，低温处理(12℃ 8 h，18℃ 16 h)显著降低花瓣亮度值（L值），红色度（a值）增加但差异不显著；温度骤降显著提高花瓣红色度，降低花瓣亮度。遮光2 d后突变体花瓣颜色由红转白，恢复光照1 d后又转为红色。白三叶红花突变体花色性状受双隐性基因控制，光是白三叶红花突变体花瓣颜色调控的关键因素。

关键词: 白三叶, 花色, 遗传, 光照, 温度

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to clarify the inheritance law of flower color of red-flowered white clover mutant, and to explore the response of flower color expression to light and temperature. The red-flowered white clover mutant and white-flowered variety were used as parents to conduct hybridization, backcross, selfing and test cross experiments, and the flower color segregation law of all the hybridized progenies was studied. The chromatic difference of petals of the red-flowered white clover mutant among different temperature and light treatments was analyzed. The flower color of the F1 generation plants of the cross between the red-flowered mutant and the white-flowered varieties were all white, and those from self-crossed progeny (S1) of the mutant were all red. The flower color segregation of the F2 generation and the backcrossed generation (BC1) conformed to the Mendelian law of inheritance, and the ratios of the red flowers to the white flowers were 49:699 and 96:279 in F1 and BC1, respectively, which were basically in accordance with the expected segregation ratios of 1:15 and 1:3, respectively. Compared to the warm-temperature treatment (28℃ for 8 h and 34℃ for 16 h), the petal brightness value (L value) from the low-temperature treatment (12℃ for 8 h and 18℃ for 16 h) significantly decreased, and the redness (a value) numerically increased but not statistically significant. The petal redness significantly increased and the petal brightness decreased when the environment temperature changed from the warm-temperature environment to the low-temperature environment. The flower color of the red-flowered white clover mutant changed from red to white under shading for 2 days, and then the white flower recovered to red after restoring light for approximately 1 day. The flower color traits of the red-flowered white clover mutant were controlled by double recessive genes, and light was the key factor on regulating the expression of the flower color.

Key words: white clover, flower color, inheritance, light, temperature