添加剂对广西高铅污染土壤的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0892

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低高铅污染土壤对农作物的毒害，本研究通过盆栽试验评估了3种添加剂——过磷酸钙、有机肥、磷矿粉对广西高铅污染土壤的修复效果。研究发现，与对照组T₀相比，施加过磷酸钙、有机肥、磷矿粉等改良剂均在不同程度上显著降低了铅毒毒害(P<0.05)，具体表现为降低土壤pH与土壤DTPA-Pb、水溶态Pb含量，提高小白菜成活率和生物产量，降低小白菜对铅的富集系数。这些结果表明，过磷酸钙、有机肥和磷矿粉作为土壤改良材料，在修复高铅污染土壤方面具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词: 改良剂, 铅, 土壤, 纯有机肥, 生物有效性, 高铅污染, 土壤修复, 过磷酸钙, 磷矿粉, 小白菜, 土壤改良

Abstract:

In order to reduce the harm of high lead-contaminated soil to crops, three additives of superphosphate, organic fertilizer and phosphorus rock powder were used to explore the remediation effect on high lead- contaminated soil in Guangxi through pot experiments. The results showed that compared with the control group T₀, the application of superphosphate, organic fertilizer and phosphorus rock powder significantly reduced the harm of lead poisoning (P < 0.05) to different degrees, reduced soil pH and soil DTPA-Pb, water soluble Pb content, improved the survival rate and biological yield of pakchoi, and reduced the enrichment coefficient of lead in pakchoi. The above amendments can be used as the preferred improvement materials for high lead-contaminated soil in Guangxi.

Key words: amendment, lead, soil, organic matter, biological availability, lead contamination, soil remediation, calcium superphosphate, rock phosphate, Chinese cabbage, soil amendment

曾炜铨, 郭大杰, 袁卉. 添加剂对广西高铅污染土壤的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(27): 69-74.

ZENG Weiquan, GUO Dajie, YUAN Hui. Effect of Amendments on High Concentration Lead-contaminated Soil in Guangxi[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(27): 69-74.

图/表 6

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测定项目	pH	<0.002 mm粒径/(mg/kg)	Pb/(mg/kg)	DTPA-Pb/(mg/kg)	有机质/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)
桂林污染土壤	6.78	159±0.6	3114±21	568.68±48.40	24.32±1.70	59.55±8	167.5±14
国家三级土壤质量标准	6.50	—	500	—	—	—	—

测定项目	pH	<0.002 mm粒径/(mg/kg)	Pb/(mg/kg)	DTPA-Pb/(mg/kg)	有机质/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)
桂林污染土壤	6.78	159±0.6	3114±21	568.68±48.40	24.32±1.70	59.55±8	167.5±14
国家三级土壤质量标准	6.50	—	500	—	—	—	—

处理方式	过磷酸钙	纯有机肥	磷矿粉
T₀	0	0	0
T₁	0.45	0	0
T₂	0.45	2	0
T₃	0.45	0	0.3
T₄	0.45	2	0.3

处理方式	过磷酸钙	纯有机肥	磷矿粉
T₀	0	0	0
T₁	0.45	0	0
T₂	0.45	2	0
T₃	0.45	0	0.3
T₄	0.45	2	0.3

处理	发芽率/%	株高/cm	根系长度/cm	地上部鲜重/g	地上部干重/g
T₀	10~20	0	0	0	0
T₁	65~75	0	0	0	0
T₂	85~100	4.41±1.56	1.58±0.90	4.11±1.85	0.17±0.05
T₃	85~100	3.75±1.43	1.17±0.71	2.93±0.15	0.13±0.05
T₄	86~100	5.90±1.97	1.48±0.98	3.05±0.30	0.14±0.05