硝化抑制剂影响中国农田氧化亚氮排放、主要作物产量及氮肥利用率的Meta分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0293

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (32): 107-115.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0293

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

硝化抑制剂影响中国农田氧化亚氮排放、主要作物产量及氮肥利用率的Meta分析

康丽霞(), 罗维贵, 侯振安, 闵伟, 刘涛()

石河子大学农学院，新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2024-03-25 修回日期:2024-08-24 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-12
通讯作者:
刘涛，女，1978年出生，新疆霍城人，副教授，博士，主要从事土壤养分循环与微生物调控方面的研究。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子北五路石河子大学北苑新区农科楼215B，E-mail：liutao20029@163.com。
作者简介:
康丽霞，女，1998年出生，甘肃定西人，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤肥力调控。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子北五路石河子大学北苑新区，E-mail：1735963902@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“生物硝化/天然脲酶抑制剂对绿洲灰漠土N₂O和NH₃排放的影响及其微生物学机制”(42067021); 石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目“双抑制剂调控干旱区农田土壤氮转化的微生物机制”(RCZK201927)

Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Nitrous Oxide Emissions, Main Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cropland in China: A Meta-analysis

KANG Lixia(), LUO Weigui, HOU Zhen'an, MIN Wei, LIU Tao()

College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003

Received:2024-03-25 Revised:2024-08-24 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮肥过量或不合理施用不仅会增加农田氮损失，降低氮肥利用率(NUE)，不利于产量的提高，还会引起环境问题。硝化抑制剂可通过抑制硝化作用减少氮损失，提高氮利用。尽管硝化抑制剂降低中国农田氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放和促进作物产量的相关研究较多，但仍缺乏系统分析。本研究基于数据整合分析的方法，系统分析了氮肥配施硝化抑制剂对中国农田N₂O减排效应、主要作物产量及农田NUE的影响，以明确土壤pH、施氮量和作物类型对硝化抑制剂应用效果的具体影响。结果表明：氮肥配施硝化抑制剂可使农田N₂O排放效应量降低38.66% (P<0.05)，主要作物产量效应量增加7.31% (P>0.05)，作物氮素吸收效应量和氮肥利用率效应量分别提升10.97% (P>0.05)和25.64% (P>0.05)。不同类型硝化抑制剂中，DMPP对N₂O的减排效应最大(57.30%)，其次是CP (35.07%)与DCD (32.28%)；CP的增产效应最高(12.76%)，其次为DCD (5.65%)与DMPP (4.25%)。硝化抑制剂对高氮投入农田(≥300 kg/hm²) N₂O的减排效应大于中、低氮投入农田(<300 kg/hm²)；硝化抑制剂对中氮投入农田(200~300 kg/hm²)主要作物的增产效应大于高氮和低氮投入农田；硝化抑制剂对中性农田土壤N₂O减排和作物增产效应最大，其次是碱性土壤。主成分分析结果表明，在硝化抑制剂与氮肥配施的条件下，土壤pH是影响作物产量和N₂O排放的主要因素。综上，氮肥配施硝化抑制剂能显著降低中国农田N₂O排放，在一定程度上提高作物产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率，是减少氮肥损失，促进氮肥高效利用的有效措施。

关键词: 硝化抑制剂, N₂O排放, 作物产量, 氮肥利用率, 吸氮量

Abstract:

Excessive or irrational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer not only increases N losses, decreases N use efficiency (NUE) and affect yield improvement in cropland, but also causes some environmental problems. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can reduce N losses and improve NUE through inhibiting nitrification process. Although numerous studies about NIs focused on the reduction of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and promotion of yield in cropland in China, systematic analysis was still poor. In this paper, meta-analysis was used to study the effects of N fertilizer combined with NIs on the reduction of N₂O emissions, major crop yield and NUE in cropland in China, so as to clarify the influences of soil pH, N application amounts and crop types on effects of NIs. The results showed that N fertilizer combined with NIs reduced the N₂O emissions effect from cropland by 38.66% significantly (P<0.05), increase the effect of major crop yield by 7.31% (P>0.05), and enhance the effect of crop N uptake and NUE by 10.97% (P>0.05) and 25.64% (P>0.05), respectively. Among the different types of NIs, DMPP reduced the effect of N₂O emissions to maximum extent (57.30%), followed by CP and DCD, which reduced the effect of N₂O emissions by 35.07% and 32.28%. CP enhanced the effect of yield to maximum extent (12.76%), followed by DCD (5.65%) and DMPP (4.25%). The reduction size of NIs on N₂O emissions in high N input cropland (≥300 kg/hm²) was greater than that in medium and low N input cropland (<300 kg/hm²). The increasing effect of NIs on yield of main crops in medium N input cropland (200-300 kg/hm²) was greater than that in high and low N input cropland. The effects of NIs on reducing N₂O emissions and increasing crop yield in neutral soil were greater than those in acidic and alkaline soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that soil pH was the main factor affecting crop yield and N₂O emission under the condition of N fertilizer applied with NIs. To sum up, N fertilizer combined with NIs could reduce N₂O emissions significantly, increase crop yield, improve N uptake and NUE to a certain extent, which was an effective path to decrease N losses and promote N utilization.

Key words: nitrification inhibitor, N₂O emission, crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake

康丽霞, 罗维贵, 侯振安, 闵伟, 刘涛. 硝化抑制剂影响中国农田氧化亚氮排放、主要作物产量及氮肥利用率的Meta分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(32): 107-115.

KANG Lixia, LUO Weigui, HOU Zhen'an, MIN Wei, LIU Tao. Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Nitrous Oxide Emissions, Main Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cropland in China: A Meta-analysis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(32): 107-115.

图/表 4

图1. 氮肥配施硝化抑制剂对农田N2O排放、作物吸氮量、产量及氮肥利用率的影响图中圆点与误差线分别代表变化量与95%置信区间，若误差线不经过零点，则说明氮肥配施硝化抑制剂与单施氮肥之间差异显著，括号中的数字表示样本量。下同

图2. 氮肥配施硝化抑制剂在不同条件下对N2O排放的影响

图3. 氮肥配施硝化抑制剂在不同条件下对作物产量、吸氮量及氮肥利用率的影响

图4. 土壤pH、全氮、有机质、施氮量与N2O减排和产量效应量之间的关系图a表示土壤pH、全氮、有机质、施氮量与产量效应量的关系；图b表示土壤pH、全氮、有机质、施氮量与和N2O减排效应量之间的关系

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硝化抑制剂影响中国农田氧化亚氮排放、主要作物产量及氮肥利用率的Meta分析

Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Nitrous Oxide Emissions, Main Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cropland in China: A Meta-analysis

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