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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (33): 102-110.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0236

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

生草覆盖对枣园土壤理化性质的影响

宋锦浩1(), 郝婉怡1, 姜文婷1,2, 陈国梁1,2()   

  1. 1 延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安 716000
    2 陕西省黄土高原菌产业生态循环发展工程技术研究中心,陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 修回日期:2024-08-18 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-23
  • 通讯作者:
    陈国梁,男,1974年出生,陕西榆林人,教授,硕士,主要从事生化与分子生物学研究。通信地址:716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区圣地路580号 延安大学生命科学学院,Tel:0911-2332030,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    宋锦浩,男,2001年出生,陕西榆林人,本科,研究方向:黄土高原修复生态学。通信地址:716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区圣地路580号 延安大学生命科学学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“不同生草品种栽培对陕北土壤环境的影响研究”(202210719053)

Effects of Grass Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Jujube Orchard

SONG Jinhao1(), HAO Wanyi1, JIANG Wenting1,2, CHEN Guoliang1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000
    2 Research and Development Centre of Ecological and Sustainable Application of Microbial Industry of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000
  • Received:2024-03-27 Revised:2024-08-18 Published:2024-11-25 Online:2024-11-23

摘要:

本研究以延安地区多年生枣园土壤为研究对象,探讨了2种生草在不同覆盖模式下对枣园土壤理化性质的影响。通过设置无覆盖物的清耕组作为对照(CK),以及全草切碎覆盖(C1)和半草切碎覆盖(C2)2种模式,沙打旺(G1)和苦豆子(G2)2种生草,分别在覆盖后30 d(T1)、覆盖后60 d(T2)和覆盖后120 d (T3)进行采样,共设置13个处理组。研究重点分析了不同处理对土壤pH、电导率、有机质、速效磷、速效钾、铵态氮和硝态氮的影响。结果表明:沙打旺×全草覆盖模式可以显著提高土壤有机质、速效钾、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,其中速效钾以覆盖后30 d最高,有机质、铵态氮和硝态氮在覆盖后120 d达最高水平。苦豆子×全草覆盖模式下,土壤速效磷含量显著增加,且在覆盖后30 d达最高水平。综合分析,结合主成分分析对陕北枣园土壤理化环境指标做出综合评价,沙打旺和苦豆子当年种植对枣园土壤理化环境有明显改善作用,以全草覆盖模式最优,在覆盖后90~120 d效果最佳。研究为用地养地结合的枣园种植模式提供数据支持。

关键词: 枣园, 沙打旺, 苦豆子, 生草覆盖, 土壤理化性质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of two types of grass covered under different mulching patterns on the soil physical and chemical properties in perennial jujube orchards in the Yan’an region, aiming to provide data support for land use and cultivation integrated jujube planting models. The research used a clean tillage group without any cover as the control (CK), set up two types of grass including G1 (Astragalus adsurgens) and G2 (Sophora alopecuroides), two mulching methods of C1 (whole grass chopped cover) and C2 (half grass chopped cover), and three mulching periods of T1 (30 days after covering), T2 (60 days after covering) and T3 (120 days after covering), totaling 13 treatments. The study examined the impact on soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The results showed that the Astragalus adsurgens × whole grass cover pattern significantly enhanced soil organic matter, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, with the highest levels of available potassium at 30 days after covering and the highest levels of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at 120 days after covering. Under the Sophora alopecuroides × whole grass cover pattern, soil available phosphorus content was significantly increased, reaching its peak level at 30 days after covering. Comprehensive analysis, combined with principal component analysis, provided a comprehensive evaluation of the soil physical and chemical environmental indicators in Northern Shaanxi’s jujube orchards. The results indicated that the immediate planting of Astragalus adsurgens and Sophora alopecuroides had a significant improvement effect on the soil physical and chemical environment of the jujube orchards, with the whole grass cover pattern being the most effective, showing the best results between 90 to 120 days after covering.

Key words: jujube orchard, Astragalus adsurgens, Sophora alopecuroides, grass coverage, soil physicochemical properties, principal component analysis