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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 135-144.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0036

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

五种桑枝屑基质栽培毛木耳的氨基酸组成及营养评价

叶雷1,2(), 张波1, 杨学圳1, 李小林1, 谭伟1()   

  1. 1 四川省食用菌研究所,成都 610066
    2 四川农业大学资源学院,成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-23 修回日期:2023-05-15 出版日期:2024-01-17 发布日期:2024-01-17
  • 通讯作者:
    谭伟,男,1964年出生,四川广安人,研究员,本科,研究方向:毛木耳、灵芝等珍稀食(药)用菌遗传育种、高效栽培与微生物资源利用。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区狮子山路4号,Tel:028-84791749,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    叶雷,男,1992年出生,四川宜宾人,助理研究员,博士研究生,研究方向:毛木耳、灵芝、银耳等珍稀食(药)用菌遗传育种、高效栽培与微生物资源利用。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区狮子山路4号,Tel:028-84504585,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“毛木耳和药用菌栽培岗位”(CARS-20); 四川食用菌创新团队项目“食用菌工厂化和设施化栽培岗位”(SCCXTD-2024-07); 四川省科技计划项目“突破性食用菌育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育”(2021YFYZ0026); 德阳市科技计划项目(重点研发)“黄背木耳新型木粒菌种研发与配套接种技术应用创新”(2022NZ019)

Amino Acid Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Auricularia cornea Cultured with Five Mulberry Sawdust Substrates

YE Lei1,2(), ZHANG Bo1, YANG Xuezhen1, LI Xiaolin1, TAN Wei1()   

  1. 1 Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu 610066
    2 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2023-01-23 Revised:2023-05-15 Published-:2024-01-17 Online:2024-01-17

摘要:

为评价桑枝屑基质对毛木耳代料栽培、子实体氨基酸组成及营养价值的影响。设计4个桑枝屑基质,以原配方为对照(CK)代料生产,测定子实体氨基酸和营养组成,并基于主成分(PCA)、氨基酸比值系数法等综合评价。结果获得桑枝屑(30%)代料生产毛木耳优质配方1个。PCA前3个主成分累计方差贡献率93.05%。毛木耳富含17种氨基酸。桑枝屑基质培养子实体谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量增加,苯丙氨酸、组氨酸含量降低。SIT值41.55~47.19,高于FAO/WHO模式谱,低于全鸡蛋模式谱。SRC值67.65~78.54,CK最低。CK子实体蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,其次是赖氨酸。桑枝屑基质培养子实体赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,其次是异亮氨酸。综上,桑枝屑代料栽培毛木耳子实体具有更好的风味、营养价值和蛋白利用率。

关键词: 毛木耳, 桑枝屑, 主成分分析, 氨基酸组成, 营养评价

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of mulberry sawdust substrate on the culture, amino acid composition and nutritional value of Auricularia cornea, four types of mulberry sawdust substrates were designed, with the original formula used as the control (CK) for production. The amino acid and nutritional composition of the fruiting bodies were determined, and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), amino acid coefficient method, and others. As a result, one high-quality formula of mulberry branch (30%) substrate for Auricularia cornea production was obtained. The cumulative variance contribution of the first three principal components in PCA was 93.05%. The fungus contained 17 types of amino acids. The cultivation of fruiting bodies using mulberry sawdust substrates led to an increase in glutamic acid and aspartic acid content, while phenylalanine and histidine content decreased. The SIT values ranged from 41.55 to 47.19, exceeding the FAO/WHO model but falling below the complete egg model. The SRC value ranged from 67.65 to 78.54, with the CK being the lowest. In the CK, the first limiting amino acid was methionine + cysteine, followed by lysine. In the case of fruiting bodies cultivated with mulberry sawdust substrates, lysine was the first limiting amino acid, followed by isoleucine. In conclusion, the cultivation of Auricularia cornea using mulberry sawdust substitutes results in better flavor, nutritional value, and protein utilization efficiency.

Key words: Auricularia cornea, mulberry sawdust, principal component analysis, amino acid composition, nutritional evaluation