“四特”晚籼稻选育、产量优势及生长发育特性

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究“四特”晚籼稻的生长发育特性，为其在农业领域的推广应用提供理论依据。选取了晚籼稻典型品种‘玺优447’和长江中下游稻区主推品种‘金优207’为试验材料，通过多年大田试验，系统测定了这两种晚籼稻的产量和生长发育特性，并总结了“四特”晚籼稻的选育进展。研究发现，‘玺优447’全生育期较‘金优207’短3~5 d，产量较‘金优207’增产7.5%~19.4%，主要得益于其干物质积累和收获指数的协同提高，以及更高的穗粒数。‘玺优447’干物质、氮、磷和钾快速积累期起始时间和结束时间均比‘金优207’晚，平均积累速率比‘金优207’高。‘玺优447’营养生长期甲烷排放通量高于‘金优207’，而抽穗期和灌浆期低于‘金优207’。此外，‘玺优447’具有更高的抗倒伏能力，这主要得益于其较低的株高、较短的基部节间和较高的茎壁厚度。“四特”晚籼稻具有生育期短、高产、低甲烷排放和抗倒伏能力强的特性，具有较好的推广应用前景。

关键词: 晚籼稻, 选育, 产量, 生育期, 干物质, 甲烷排放, 生长发育特性, 抗倒伏能力

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the growth and development characteristics of ‘Si te’ late indica rice and provide theoretical support for its promotion and application. Many years field tests were conducted, with the typical ‘Si te’ late indica rice variety ‘Xiyou 447’ and the main rice variety ‘Jinyou 207’ in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River as experimental materials. Yield and growth characteristics were measured and breeding progress of ‘Si te’ late indica rice was summarized. Whole growth period of ‘Xiyou 447’ was 3-5 days shorter than that of ‘Jinyou 207’, and yield was increased by 7.5%-19.4%. Yield advantage of ‘Xiyou 447’ was mainly due to its synergistic improvement of dry matter accumulation and harvest index, as well as the higher total grain number per spike. The initial and terminal time of fast accumulation period of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of ‘Xiyou 447’ were later than ‘Jinyou 207’, and mean accumulation speed was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’. Methane emission flux of ‘Xiyou 447’ was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’ at vegetative growth stage, but lower than ‘Jinyou 207’at heading and filling stage. In addition, ‘Xiyou 447’ had higher lodging resistance, which was mainly due to its lower plant height, shorter basal internode and higher stem wall thickness. ‘Si te’ late indica rice has short growth period, high yield, low methane emission and strong lodging resistance, so it has a good prospect for promotion and application.

Key words: late indica rice, breeding, yield, growth period, dry matter, methane emission, growth and development characteristics, lodging resistance

李兴华, 蔡星星, 王欢, 张盛, 刘霞, 周强. “四特”晚籼稻选育、产量优势及生长发育特性[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(3): 1-8.

LI Xinghua, CAI Xingxing, WANG Huan, ZHANG Sheng, LIU Xia, ZHOU Qiang. ‘Si te’ Late Indica Rice: Breeding, Yield Advantage and Growth and Development Characteristics[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(3): 1-8.

图/表 9

参考文献 26

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品种	全生育期/d	产量/(kg/hm²)	稻瘟病抗性等级	米质等级
玺优447	110.3(-2.2)	9399.6(+5.2%)	5	2
玺优442	114.5(-3.9)	9333.8(+1.7%)	5	2
玺优650	122.2(-2.6)	8869.5(+3.7%)	5	2
玺优651	110.5(-1.7)	9261.0(+4.3%)	5	3
益9优447	109.6(-2.8)	9250.8(+2.3%)	5	2
益9优443	112.4(-4.6)	8721.6(+3.3%)	3	3
益9优650	118.5(-7.2)	9109.7(-1.4%)	5	1
益9优629	110.6(-1.1)	9087.0(+3.3%)	7	3
益9优晚占	110.1(-1.6)	8860.5(+0.7%)	5	2

品种	全生育期/d	产量/(kg/hm²)	稻瘟病抗性等级	米质等级
玺优447	110.3(-2.2)	9399.6(+5.2%)	5	2
玺优442	114.5(-3.9)	9333.8(+1.7%)	5	2
玺优650	122.2(-2.6)	8869.5(+3.7%)	5	2
玺优651	110.5(-1.7)	9261.0(+4.3%)	5	3
益9优447	109.6(-2.8)	9250.8(+2.3%)	5	2
益9优443	112.4(-4.6)	8721.6(+3.3%)	3	3
益9优650	118.5(-7.2)	9109.7(-1.4%)	5	1
益9优629	110.6(-1.1)	9087.0(+3.3%)	7	3
益9优晚占	110.1(-1.6)	8860.5(+0.7%)	5	2

品种	干物质积累量/ (kg/hm²)	产量构成因素				产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
品种	干物质积累量/ (kg/hm²)	有效穗数/（个/m²⁾	总粒数/（粒/穗）	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
玺优447	17398.1±402.3 a	274.2±16.2 a	276.8±17.9 a	76.42±0.69 b	25.93±0.05 a	9279.6±177.1 a	0.53±0.00 a
金优207	16025.6±468.0 a	326.1±17.0 a	175.6±17.7 b	82.03±1.69 a	25.85±0.08 a	7873.7±382.8 b	0.49±0.01 b

品种	干物质积累量/ (kg/hm²)	产量构成因素				产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
品种	干物质积累量/ (kg/hm²)	有效穗数/（个/m²⁾	总粒数/（粒/穗）	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
玺优447	17398.1±402.3 a	274.2±16.2 a	276.8±17.9 a	76.42±0.69 b	25.93±0.05 a	9279.6±177.1 a	0.53±0.00 a
金优207	16025.6±468.0 a	326.1±17.0 a	175.6±17.7 b	82.03±1.69 a	25.85±0.08 a	7873.7±382.8 b	0.49±0.01 b

	品种	模型	标准差	决定系数(R²)
干物质	玺优447	Y=1.11e^{-exp(2.61-6.13}^t⁾	0.0807	0.9779
干物质	金优207	Y=1.14e^{-exp(2.55-10.14}^t⁾	0.0965	0.9667
氮	玺优447	Y=1.14e^{-exp(2.54-9.86}^t⁾	0.0964	0.9667
氮	金优207	Y=1.17e^{-exp(1.93-8.80}^t⁾	0.1315	0.9314
磷	玺优447	Y=1.14e^{-exp(3.17-9.77}^t⁾	0.0970	0.9722
磷	金优207	Y=1.19e^{-exp(2.67-9.19}^t⁾	0.1324	0.9483
钾	玺优447	Y=1.00e^{-exp(1.71-6.67}^t⁾	0.1125	0.9353
钾	金优207	Y=0.98e^{-exp(1.18-7.87}^t⁾	0.0513	0.9851