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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 141-147.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0307

所属专题： 生物技术； 植物保护

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

石菖蒲和艾叶精油对三七致病菌的抑菌作用

凌翠琼1(), 廖洪新1, 闻进蕊1, 聂红艳1, 张丽燕1, 王伟2, 董鲜1()   

  1. 1 云南中医药大学中药学院，昆明 650500
    2 费县农业农村局，山东费县 273400
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-16 修回日期:2024-08-15 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-24
  • 通讯作者:
    董鲜，女，1987年出生，云南保山人，教授，博士，研究方向：中药资源与开发。通信地址：650500 云南省昆明市呈贡区雨花路1076号 云南中医药大学，Tel：087165919003，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    凌翠琼，女，1997年出生，广西贵港人，硕士，研究方向：中药资源与开发。通信地址：650500 云南省昆明市呈贡区雨花路1076号 云南中医药大学，Tel：087165919003，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    院士(专家)工作站项目“云南省王源超专家工作站”(202305AF150018); 基础研究专项-优秀青年项目“芳香精油抑菌机制及开发利用研究”(202301AW070008); 国家自然科学基金“基于“芳香辟秽”理论研究薄荷挥发油对导致三七连作根腐病代表性病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌机制及对根际微生态的动态调控”(82060683)

Antifungal Effects of Essential Oils of Acorus tatarinowii and Artemisia argyi on Panax notoginseng Root Rot Disease

LING Cuiqiong1(), LIAO Hongxin1, WEN Jinrui1, NIE Hongyan1, ZHANG Liyan1, WANG Wei2, DONG Xian1()   

  1. 1 Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500
    2 Feixian Agriculture Bureau, Feixian, Shandong 273400
  • Received:2024-05-16 Revised:2024-08-15 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-24

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摘要：

为探究石菖蒲和艾叶精油及其主要成分对三七致病菌的抑菌活性，研究采用牛津杯法测定两种精油对致病菌的抑制效果，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析精油成分。随后，利用96孔板法确定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)以及联合用药指数(FICI)。结果表明，两种精油在50 mg/mL浓度下均对胶孢炭疽菌表现出较强的抑制作用，而尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌则次之。经GC-MS分析，石菖蒲精油中共鉴定出34种化合物，其中β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚为主要成分；而艾叶精油中则有98种化合物，其中石竹素、β-石竹烯、桉油精及桃金娘烯醛占比较大。此外，β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚的最小抑菌浓度与恶霉灵相当。在两两联用实验中，这两种精油与恶霉灵共同使用后，对尖孢镰刀菌展现了加和效应。本研究中的石菖蒲和艾叶精油及其主要成分对4株真菌均具有显著的抑菌活性，显示出进一步研究的潜力与价值。

关键词: 石菖蒲, 艾叶, 精油, 最小抑菌浓度(MIC), 生物农药, 协同增效, 抑菌作用, 生态种植, 联合用药指数

Abstract:

To investigate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) derived from A. tatarinowii and A. argyi, as well as their principal components, we assessed the antifungal efficacy of both EOs against four pathogenic fungi using the Oxford Cup method. Additionally, EO constituents were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined through a 96-well plate assay. The results showed that both EOs at a concentration of 50 mg/mL exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, followed by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. GC-MS analysis revealed that A. tatarinowii EO contained 34 compounds, with β-asarone and α-asarone identified as the primary constituents. In contrast, A. argyi EO comprised 98 compounds, among which caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, eucalyptol, and myrtenal constituted a substantial proportion. Furthermore, the MIC of β-asarone and α-asarone were found to be comparable to that of hymexazol. When utilized in combination with hymexazol, the two EOs demonstrated an additive impact on Fusarium oxysporum in the pairwise combination experiment. Overall, the EOs and their main components from A. tatarinowii and A. argyi exhibited robust antifungal activity against four fungal pathogens, indicating potential for further research.

Key words: Acorus tatarinowii, Artemisia argy, essential oil, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), biological pesticides, synergies, antifungal activity, ecological planting, fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI)