香草提取物和植物精油增强茶树抗逆能力的效应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0898

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解香草提取物及植物精油对茶树抗逆生理的影响,开发环境友好型增强茶树抗逆能力的技术,本研究用香草（迷迭香、紫苏、猫薄荷新鲜组织）乙醇提取物、植物精油（冬青油、二氢茉莉酸酯）分别配成0.1%水溶液作为外源处理剂,于12月初对茶树进行喷雾处理（每个处理剂用液量7500 L/hm²,连续2次）。结果,经处理后的茶树叶片氨基酸含量相对提高27.8%~55.6%,多酚相对提高3.93%~24.2%,除薄荷提取物处理外,茶树叶片二醛相对含量降低9.2%~32.8%;酶活性分析指出,经处理后茶树叶片多酚氧化酶活性升高1.89~4.35倍,脂氧合酶活性升高1.41~2.58倍,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高1.98~15.7倍,但只有迷迭香和紫苏提取物处理苯丙解氨酶(PAL)活性升高,其余处理PAL活性呈下降趋势;检测茉莉酸信号途径关键基因CsOPB3表达情况指出,二氢茉莉酸酯、迷迭香、紫苏提取物处理后茶树叶片CsOPB3表达上调明显,而在薄荷提取物、冬青油处理后茶树叶片CsOPB3表达下调。经植物精油或香草提取物处理后的茶树鲜叶,其水提取物对超氧自由基的清除能力提高了1.3~2.9倍。本研究表明初冬茶园喷施植物精油和香草提取物具有提高茶树抵抗低温的适应能力。本研究所测生理指标在茶树抵抗其他非生物逆境或抵抗病虫害胁迫中的共性指示作用,进一步表明了本研究所用不同香草提取物及植物精油对茶树防御更广泛的逆境胁迫具有一定的应用价值。

关键词: 植物精油, 香草提取物, 茶树, 抗逆

Abstract:

To understand the influence of herb extract and plant essential oil on the stress resistance of tea plant and to develop environment-friendly technology to improve tea plant resistance to various stresses, in this study, herb ethanol extracts (from the fresh shoots of rosemary, perilla and mint ) and biotic plant essential oil (methyl salicylate oil and methyl dihydrojasmonate) were made into 0.1% water solution which was used as external treatment agent to be sprayed on tea plants (7500 L/hm² for each treatment, twice continuously) in early December. The results showed that after treatment, the content of amino acids in tea leaves was increased by 27.8%-55.6% and the content of polyphenols was increased by 3.93%-24.2%. The relative content of dialdehyde in tea leaves, except those treated by mint extract, was decreased by 9.2%-32.8%. The enzyme activity analysis showed that the polyphenol oxidase activity of tea leaves was increased by 1.89-4.35 times, the lipoxygenase activity was increased by 1.41-2.58 times, and the superoxide dismutase activity was increased by 1.98-15.7 times, respectively. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was decreased except the treatment by rosemary and perilla extract. The expression of CsOPB3 in tea leaves, a key gene of jasmonic acid signal pathway, was significantly up-regulated after treatment with dihydrojasmonate, rosemary and perilla extract, but down-regulated after treatment with peppermint extract and holly oil. The scavenging ability of water extract of fresh tea leaves treated with herb extract or plant essential oil to superoxide free radical was increased by 1.3-2.9 times. The study shows that spraying herb extract and plant essential oil in early winter tea garden can improve the adaptability of tea plants to low temperature. According to the common indicating role of physiological indexes measured in this study to evaluate tea plants against other abiotic stresses or plant diseases and insect pests, the results further reveal that different herb extracts and plant essential oils used in the study could have a certain application value for tea plants against more abiotic and biotic stresses.

Key words: plant essential oil, herb extract, tea plant, stress resistance

中图分类号:

S571.1

李荣林, 唐君, 艾仄宜, 穆兵, 杨亦扬, 陈正涛, 史海华. 香草提取物和植物精油增强茶树抗逆能力的效应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(26): 111-117.

LI Ronglin, TANG Jun, AI Zeyi, MU Bing, YANG Yiyang, CHEN Zhengtao, SHI Haihua. The Enhancement of Stress Resistance of Tea Plants by Herb Extract and Plant Essential Oil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(26): 111-117.

图/表 4

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试验处理	多酚/% (冻干样）	黄酮总量/% （冻干样）	木质素/% （冻干样）	氨基酸/% （冻干样）	丙二醛/mg/kg （鲜叶）
对照	19.55±0.36a	3.30±0.01b	2.12±0.12a	1.67±0.35a	9.15±0.00a
冬青油	20.32±0.09a	2.63±0.78a	1.76±0.09b	2.34±0.36c	8.43±0.08a
二氢茉莉酸酯	24.28±0.37c	3.62±0.04b	1.96±0.10c	2.26±0.44bc	7.60±0.72b
迷迭香提取物	21.76±0.10b	2.73±0.33a	2.54±0.12d	2.60±0.19d	6.15±0.30c
紫苏提取物	23.19±0.39c	2.63±0.78a	2.32±0.10e	2.13±0.16b	7.88±0.42b
薄荷提取物	23.62±1.35c	3.39±0.04b	2.25±0.11f	2.15±0.49b	10.4±074a

试验处理	多酚/% (冻干样）	黄酮总量/% （冻干样）	木质素/% （冻干样）	氨基酸/% （冻干样）	丙二醛/mg/kg （鲜叶）
对照	19.55±0.36a	3.30±0.01b	2.12±0.12a	1.67±0.35a	9.15±0.00a
冬青油	20.32±0.09a	2.63±0.78a	1.76±0.09b	2.34±0.36c	8.43±0.08a
二氢茉莉酸酯	24.28±0.37c	3.62±0.04b	1.96±0.10c	2.26±0.44bc	7.60±0.72b
迷迭香提取物	21.76±0.10b	2.73±0.33a	2.54±0.12d	2.60±0.19d	6.15±0.30c
紫苏提取物	23.19±0.39c	2.63±0.78a	2.32±0.10e	2.13±0.16b	7.88±0.42b
薄荷提取物	23.62±1.35c	3.39±0.04b	2.25±0.11f	2.15±0.49b	10.4±074a

试验处理	多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	苯丙解氨酶 (PAL)	脂氧合酶 (LOX)	超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)
对照	2.46±0.44a	111.0±9.4b	430.8±22.4a	18.3±0.6a
冬青油	7.25±0.35c	63.7±5.2a	656.7±9.4b	102.7±3.9c
二氢茉莉酸酯	4.64±0.23b	66.3±2.3a	635.0±35.4bc	36.4±0.2b
迷迭香提取物	10.7±0.04d	133.7±1.5c	804.2±38.9d	129.5±7.6d
紫苏提取物	5.24±0.30b	187.1±0.6d	1083.3±40.1e	188.1±7.8e
薄荷提取物	7.64±0.69c	103.6±9.0b	696.7±11.8c	112.3±0.8c

试验处理	多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	苯丙解氨酶 (PAL)	脂氧合酶 (LOX)	超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)
对照	2.46±0.44a	111.0±9.4b	430.8±22.4a	18.3±0.6a
冬青油	7.25±0.35c	63.7±5.2a	656.7±9.4b	102.7±3.9c
二氢茉莉酸酯	4.64±0.23b	66.3±2.3a	635.0±35.4bc	36.4±0.2b
迷迭香提取物	10.7±0.04d	133.7±1.5c	804.2±38.9d	129.5±7.6d
紫苏提取物	5.24±0.30b	187.1±0.6d	1083.3±40.1e	188.1±7.8e
薄荷提取物	7.64±0.69c	103.6±9.0b	696.7±11.8c	112.3±0.8c

试验处理	超氧阴离子自由基	羟自由基
对照	32.67 ±7.96a	55.33 ±1.27a
冬青油	96.19 ± 4.36d	54.02 ± 0.86a
二氢茉莉酸酯	52.81 ± 14.89bc	64.07 ± 2.09b
迷迭香提取物	61.34 ±1.28c	58.03 ± 1.64c
紫苏提取物	43.19 ± 6.93b	57.04 ± 1.05b
薄荷提取物	60.62 ± 6.93c	43.12 ± 2.27b