欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 100-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0799

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

农区褐家鼠形态特征及繁殖参数的年龄变化

艾祯仙(), 白明琼   

  1. 贵州省三都水族自治县种植业发展中心,贵州三都 558100
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-08-11 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 作者简介:

    艾祯仙,女,1985年出生,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事植物保护技术推广工作。通信地址:558100 贵州省三都县三合街道城北农业大楼 三都水族自治县种植业发展中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目“贵州省鼠害人才团队持续性培养期项目”(黔科合人才〔2015〕4019号); 遵义市首批市级人才基地建设项目“贵州省农区鼠害绿色防控技术应用人才基地项目”(遵委〔2019〕69号)

Morphological Traits and Reproductive Parameter Shifts Across Age Groups in Farmland Rattus norvegicus

AI Zhenxian(), BAI Mingqiong   

  1. Planting Industry Development Center, Sandu Shui Autonomous County, Sandu, Guizhou 558100
  • Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-04-27 Published:2025-08-11 Online:2025-08-11

摘要:

探究农区褐家鼠种群形态特征及繁殖参数的年龄变化规律,为其种群数量预测及防控提供依据。收集统计分析贵州省三都县2012—2024年农区鼠情监测捕获的褐家鼠标本数据,统计不同年龄组的形态特征及性比、雌鼠怀孕率及平均胎仔数、雄鼠睾丸下降率、繁殖指数和肥满度等指标。结果表明,三都县农区褐家鼠不同年龄组外部形态特征差异极显著,随着年龄的增长,各项指标不断增加,当年龄生长到成年Ⅱ组后,尾长、后足长、耳高增长缓慢或停止增长。不同年龄组雌鼠怀孕率及胎仔数、雄鼠睾丸下降率、繁殖指数等繁殖参数存在显著差异,幼年组个体无繁殖能力,亚成年组个体少量参与繁殖,主要繁殖个体为成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组,3个年龄组总体怀孕率为49.62%,平均胎仔数为8.26只,总体睾丸下降率为90.45%,总体繁殖指数为1.7439。不同年龄组肥满度有一定差异,从幼年组到成年Ⅰ组呈下降趋势,从成年Ⅰ组到老年组呈上升趋势。

关键词: 褐家鼠, 形态特征, 繁殖参数, 肥满度, 年龄变化, 三都县

Abstract:

To clarify the age-related changes in the morphological characteristics and reproductive parameters of Rattus norvegicus populations in agricultural areas and provide a scientific basis for population quantity prediction and control, the data of R. norvegicus specimens captured during the rodent monitoring in Sandu County, Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2024 were collected and statistically analyzed. The results show that the external morphological characteristics of R. norvegicus in the agricultural areas of Sandu County vary significantly among different age groups. As the age increases, all the indicators keep rising. However, when the age grows to the adult II group, the growth of tail length, hind foot length and ear height slows down or stops. There are significant differences in reproductive parameters such as the pregnancy rate and the litter size of female mice of different age groups, the rate of testicular descent in male mice, and the reproductive index. Individuals in the juvenile group have no reproductive capacity. Those in the sub-adult group participate in reproduction to a limited extent. The main reproductive individuals are from the adult group I, adult group II and the elderly group. The overall pregnancy rate of the three age groups was 49.62%, the average number of litter size was 8.26, the overall testicular descent rate was 90.45%, and the overall reproductive index was 1.7439. There are certain differences in condition factor among different age groups.

Key words: Rattus norvegicus, morphological traits, reproductive parameters, body condition, aging change, Sandu County