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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 51-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0131

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省典型农区农田地膜残留量分析特征研究

辛银平1(), 胡峰2, 孔德芳1, 韩忠宇3(), 李国强2()   

  1. 1 郑州大学环境技术咨询工程有限公司，郑州 450002
    2 河南省农业科学院农业信息技术研究所，郑州 450008
    3 河南睢县农业农村局，河南商丘 476900
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-06-11 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    韩忠宇，男，1975年出生，河南商丘人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业面源污染研究。通信地址：476900 河南省商丘市睢县袁山南路186号 睢县农业农村局，Tel：0370-8166182，E-mail：；
    李国强，男，1984年出生，河南安阳人，研究员，博士，主要从事农业信息技术与农业面源研究。通信地址：450003 河南省郑州市花园路116号 河南省农业科学院，Tel：0371-65739043，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    辛银平，女，1981年出生，河南许昌人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事环境面源污染防治研究。通信地址：450002 河南省郑州文化路97号，Tel：0371-63887445，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项“高油酸花生丰产高效标准化生产技术研发及集成示范”(241111112700); 河南省科技攻关计划项目“基于数字图像比色法和深度学习的土壤成分检测技术研究”(242102112286)

Characteristics of Farmland Plastic Film Residue in Typical Agricultural Areas of Henan Province

XIN Yinping1(), HU Feng2, KONG Defang1, HAN Zhongyu3(), LI Guoqiang2()   

  1. 1 Zhengzhou University Environmental Technology Consulting Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002
    2 Institute of Agricultural Information Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008
    3 Suixian Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Shangqiu, Henan 476900
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-06-11 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要： 为减少农田白色污染并促进农业生态可持续发展，本研究在河南省豫东、豫中、豫西和豫北9个典型农业大县选取117个农田样地，系统监测与评估了农田土壤中地膜残留量的空间分布特征，重点分析了覆膜年限、耕作方式、作物类型等关键因素的影响。结果表明：河南省典型农区农田地膜残留量范围为0~11 kg/hm2，平均值为2.72 kg/hm2。机械覆膜方式下的农田地膜残留量比人工覆膜方式高出8.8%。随覆膜年限和使用时长的增加，农田地膜残留量呈增加趋势。不同影响因素中，种植大蒜田块的农膜残留量最高(3.07 kg/hm2)，沙土地地膜残留量也较高(3.17 kg/hm2)，显著高于潮土、黏土和壤土。规模化经营的农田地膜残留量高于小农户，大田的地膜残留量高于大棚。多元方差分析证实覆膜作物、覆膜年限和覆膜方式对地膜残留量有显著影响。总体而言，河南省典型农区农田地膜残留量处于较低水平，这主要得益于河南省推广加厚高强度地膜、全生物降解地膜以及残膜机械回收技术的应用。本研究结果为河南省制定科学合理的农田地膜管理策略提供了实证依据，也为国内类似农区的地膜污染防治工作提供了有益借鉴。

关键词: 河南, 农田, 地膜残留量, 影响因素, 分布特征, 治理措施

Abstract:

To reduce the white pollution of farmland and promote the sustainable development of agricultural ecology, this study selected 117 farmland sample plots from 9 typical agricultural counties, including east, central, west and north of Henan, to investigate the residual plastic film in farmland, and the effects of key factors such as film mulching years, tillage methods and crop types were analyzed emphatically. The results showed that the residual amount of plastic film in typical agricultural areas of Henan Province ranged from 0 to 11 kg/hm2, with an average value of 2.72 kg/hm2. The plastic film residual amount under the mechanical film mulching method was 8.8% higher than that of the manual method. With the increase of film mulching years and use time, the residual amount of plastic film in farmland showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences in plastic film residues in plots planted with different crop types, the residual amount of plastic film in garlic field was the highest (3.07 kg/hm2), and the residual amount of plastic film in sandy soil was also higher (3.17 kg/hm2), which was significantly higher than that in fluidic soil, clay and loam. The residual amount of plastic film in large-scale farmland was higher than that in small-scale farmland, and plastic film residue in fields was higher than that in greenhouses. Mulched crops, mulching duration, and mulching methods are the main factors affecting the residual amount of plastic film. In general, the residual amount of plastic film in farmland in typical agricultural areas of Henan Province is at a low level, which is mainly due to the application of thickened high-strength plastic film, fully biodegradable plastic film and residual film mechanical recovery technology in Henan Province. The results of this study provide an empirical basis for Henan Province to formulate a scientific and reasonable farmland plastic film management strategy, and also provide a useful reference for the prevention and control of plastic film pollution in similar agricultural areas in China.

Key words: Henan, agricultural fields, film residue, influencing factors, distribution characteristics, governance measures