施用猪粪对辽阳地区旱作农田土壤氮素含量的影响研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0729

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在比较施加不同用量的猪粪对不同肥力水平的土壤中全氮、无机氮（铵态氮及硝态氮）含量差异，明确猪粪的不同施用量对不同肥力水平土壤的氮素含量的影响。运用室内土壤培养试验，将低等、中等、高等肥力的土壤分别进行不同猪粪施用量处理。研究结果表明：土壤全氮含量随着猪粪的施加量的增加而增加；高肥土壤施加高量猪粪，土壤铵态氮含量最高，含量值为5.68 mg/kg；中肥土壤施加高量猪粪，土壤硝态氮含量最高，含量值为23.32 mg/kg，由于硝态氮带负电荷，不被土壤胶体吸附，土壤硝态氮含量越高，其流失风险越高。由此可见土壤全氮含量和铵态氮含量与猪粪施加量显著正相关。在中等肥力水平土壤上添加高量猪粪更容易造成土壤硝态氮的流失。研究结果为在实际农业生产中，在保证旱作农田对猪粪最大承载限度及获得一定农业经济效益的范围内，降低猪粪肥料化还田可能造成的农业面源污染的风险。

关键词: 猪粪, 氮素, 棕壤, 旱作农田, 铵态氮, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

The aim is to investigate the variations in total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (specifically ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) in soils characterized by differing fertility levels when treated with varying dosages of pig manure, elucidating the impact of different application rates of pig manure on nitrogen content in soils with distinct fertility levels. Indoor soil culture experiments were conducted to assess low, medium and high fertility soils subjected to various rates of pig manure application. The results showed that the total nitrogen content in the soil increased in response to higher applications of pig manure. Notably, when a substantial amount of pig manure was applied to high-fertility soil, the ammonium nitrogen content reached its peak at 5.68 mg/kg. Conversely, in medium-fertility soil treated with a high quantity of pig manure, the nitrate nitrogen content was maximized at 23.32 mg/kg. This phenomenon can be attributed to the negatively charged nature of nitrate nitrogen, which was not retained by soil colloids; thus, elevated levels of nitrate nitrogen in the soil correspond to an increased risk of leaching. Therefore, it is evident that there is a significant positive correlation between the total nitrogen content and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil and the application rate of pig manure.ontent with the application rate of pig manure. Furthermore, the application of high quantities of pig manure to soils with moderate fertility levels is more likely to result in the loss of soil nitrate nitrogen. These findings suggested that, in practical agricultural production, the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by the application of pig manure can be mitigated while still adhering to the maximum carrying capacity of pig manure on dry farmland, thereby achieving certain agricultural economic benefits.

Key words: pig manure, nitrogen, brown soils, dry farmland, ammonium nitrogen, soil fertility

王春艳, 孙秋玉, 刘志权. 施用猪粪对辽阳地区旱作农田土壤氮素含量的影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(14): 81-86.

WANG Chunyan, SUN Qiuyu, LIU Zhiquan. Effect of Pig Manure Application on Soil Nitrogen Content in Dry Farmland in Liaoyang Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(14): 81-86.

图/表 5

材料	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	铵态氮/(mg/kg)	硝态氮/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	土壤pH
T0	15.71	0.93	0.78	13.31	0.37	5.74
T2	18.93	1.18	2.25	17.63	1.14	6.30
T4	23.69	1.54	2.64	19.87	1.78	6.06

表1. 不同肥力水平0~20 cm土壤基本理化性质

材料	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	pH
猪粪肥	335.32	33.29	14.37	7.42	5.54

表2. 供试猪粪养分含量

图1. 猪粪不同用量添加处理的土壤全氮含量

图2. 猪粪不同用量添加处理低肥、中肥、高肥土壤铵态氮含量

图3. 猪粪不同用量添加处理低肥、中肥、高肥土壤硝态氮含量

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