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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 101-109.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0699

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同发酵方式对全量猪粪污养分转化和腐熟度的影响

符宇薇1,2,3(), 雷登超1,2,3, 杨雅丽2,3(), 何红波2,3, 张旭东2,3, 张玉兰2,3, 解宏图2,3, 鲍雪莲2,3, 张文杰1()   

  1. 1 沈阳理工大学环境与化学工程学院,沈阳 110159
    2 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016
    3 辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    杨雅丽,女,1992年出生,山西临汾人,特别研究助理,博士,研究方向:土壤微生物生态研究。通信地址:110016 辽宁省沈阳市沈河区文化路72号,Tel:024-83970376,E-mail:
    张文杰,男,1969年出生,辽宁沈阳人,教授,博士,研究方向:光催化污染净化材料。通信地址:110159 辽宁省沈阳市浑南区南屏中路6号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    符宇薇,女,2000年出生,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,研究方向:环境科学与工程。通信地址:110016 辽宁省沈阳市沈河区文化路72号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“薄瘦硬黑土地土壤水分养分扩库增供的合理耕层构建技术及装备”(2023YFD1500302); 国家自然科学青年基金项目“资源化粪浆与秸秆联用对土壤微生物同化固碳的影响及碳氮互促机制”(32401446); 辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目“辽河平原黑土区保护性耕作耦合粪污资源高效利用技术”(2023JH2/101300070); 中国博士后科学基金面上项目“保护性耕作耦合粪浆资源化利用对土壤碳氮积累的影响及微生物调控机制”(2023M733673)

Effects of Different Fermentation Methods of Pig Slurry on Nutrient Transformation and Maturity

FU Yuwei1,2,3(), LEI Dengchao1,2,3, YANG Yali2,3(), HE Hongbo2,3, ZHANG Xudong2,3, ZHANG Yulan2,3, XIE Hongtu2,3, BAO Xuelian2,3, ZHANG Wenjie1()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159
    2 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
    3 Key Lab of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016
  • Received:2024-11-06 Revised:2025-02-20 Published:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-07

摘要: 为探讨固液一体全量粪污好氧和厌氧发酵的差异,设置2种发酵方式进行比较试验。分析发酵过程中pH、电导率(electrical conductance,EC)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand,BOD5)等理化和氮素等养分指标的变化规律,并以种子发芽指数(germination index,GI)评价发酵腐熟程度。结果表明,发酵方式能显著影响粪污理化性质和有机物分解速率。好氧发酵15 d左右,猪粪污达到腐熟标准(GI≥70%),但养分损失高达31.8%。厌氧发酵45 d左右达到腐熟标准,氮素几乎无损失(<5.6%)。在45 d时,好氧发酵的BOD5COD下降70%以上,厌氧发酵的BOD5COD分别下降了33.7%和39.6%。综合考虑粪污养分保留和腐熟程度,建议东北地区选择厌氧发酵处理全量猪粪污,可在施用时结合发酵时间和程度来考虑施用量,以最大程度资源化利用粪污。

关键词: 生猪粪污, 氮素, 好氧发酵, 厌氧发酵, 种子发芽指数

Abstract:

To explore the difference in nutrient loss between aerobic and anaerobic fermentation of solid-liquid integrated slurry, an experiment was conducted to compare these two fermentation processes. The study analyzed the changes of physicochemical indexes such as pH, electrical conductance (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and nitrogen indexes during fermentation process, and the maturity of pig slurry was evaluated by germination index (GI). The results showed that both aerobic and anaerobic fermentation significantly influenced the physicochemical properties and organic matter decomposition of pig slurry. Pig slurry of aerobic fermentation reached maturity standards (GI≥70%) after about 15 days, but suffered a high nutrient loss of 31.8%. Pig slurry of anaerobic fermentation reached maturity standards after about 45 days with minimal nitrogen loss (<5.6%). At 45 days, BOD5 and COD decreased by over 70% in aerobic fermentation, while they decreased by 33.7% and 39.6% respectively in anaerobic fermentation. In conclusion, anaerobic fermentation was recommended for treating solid-liquid integrated slurry in Northeast China. When determining the application amount, the fermentation time and maturity of the pig slurry should be taken into account to maximize resource utilization.

Key words: pig slurry, nitrogen, aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation, germination index