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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (27): 20-26.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0042

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮部位对花生生长、氮素积累和产量的影响

宋健(), 王洁, 司彤()   

  1. 青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室，山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-05-17 出版日期:2024-09-24 发布日期:2024-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    司彤，1990年出生，内蒙古包头人，副教授，博士，主要从事花生栽培生理生态研究。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号 青岛农业大学，Tel：0530-58957666，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    宋健，男，2001年出生，山东乳山人，本科，研究方向：花生栽培生理。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号 青岛农业大学，Tel：0530-58957666，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“盐碱地花生/棉花‘等幅间作交替轮作’种植模式缓解连作障碍的土壤微生态机制”(31901461); 青岛农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“减源提高花生产量品质的生理生态机制”

Effects of Nitrogen Application Position on Growth, Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Peanut

SONG Jian(), WANG Jie, SI Tong()   

  1. Agricultural College, Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong 266109
  • Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-05-17 Published:2024-09-24 Online:2024-09-24

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摘要：

本研究旨在探索结荚层和根系层施氮对花生生长、氮素积累和产量的影响。通过模拟大田试验，在花针期采用相同氮素施用条件下，比较了不同施肥方式的效果。结果表明，在结荚期，结荚层施肥比对照处理的株高和第一对侧枝长显著提高12%和9%以上；与对照相比，结荚层和根系层施肥均可以提高花生总果针数，其中2022年结荚层比根系层处理的总果针数重显著提高了5.97%；在饱果成熟期，结荚层施肥比对照处理的株高显著提高10%以上；与对照相比，结荚层和根系层施肥均可以提高花生第一对侧枝长和总果针数；结荚层和根系层施肥处理的根、茎、叶、果针、荚果等干物质积累量和氮素积累量均比对照处理显著提高；与对照组相比，结荚层施肥处理单株果重、单株果数、饱果数、百果重比对照组普遍提高20%以上；结荚层施肥植株单株果重和单株果数均显著高于根系层施肥15%以上。综上，本研究证明，在结荚层追施氮肥有利于花生生长、氮素积累和提高花生产量。

关键词: 花生, 施氮部位, 生长, 氮素积累, 产量, 氮素施用, 结荚层施肥, 根系层施肥

Abstract:

This study, through simulation of field experiment, investigated the effects of nitrogen application in podding layer and root zone on peanut growth, nitrogen accumulation, and grain yield by applying nitrogen at the flower bud stage under the same nitrogen input conditions. The results showed that the application of fertilizer at the podding layer significantly increased the plant height and the length of the first pair of lateral branches by more than 12% and 9% compared with the control treatment, during the podding stage. Compared with the control, fertilization in both podding layer and root zone increased the total number of peanut needles, with the podding layer treatment showing a significant increase of 5.97% in total peanut needles compared to the root zone treatment in 2022. In the pod maturity stage, the plant height with podding layer fertilization was significantly increased by more than 10% compared to the control. Compared with the control, both podding layer and root zone fertilization improved the length of the first pair of lateral branches and the total number of peanut needles. The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in roots, stems, leaves, fruiting needles and pods in the podding layer and root zone fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those in control treatment. Compared with the control group, the single pod weight, the number of pods per plant, the number of mature pods and the pod weight per hundred in the podding layer fertilization treatment were generally increased by more than 20%. The single pod weight and the number of pods per plant in the podding layer fertilization were significantly higher by more than 15% compared to the root zone fertilization. In conclusion, this study proved that applying nitrogen fertilizer at the podding layer was beneficial to the growth, nitrogen accumulation and yield improvement of peanuts.

Key words: peanut, nitrogen application position, growth, nitrogen accumulation, yield, nitrogen application, podding layer fertilization, root layer fertilization