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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 100-107.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0094

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

宣城市一季稻高温热害分布规律及对产量的影响

包静雯1(), 倪大敬1, 胡安霞1, 邱丽芳1, 王美铄2   

  1. 1 宣城市气象局,安徽宣城 242000
    2 徽州区气象局,安徽黄山 245061
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 作者简介:

    包静雯,女,1994年出生,安徽宣城人,工程师,本科,研究方向为农业气象。通信地址:242000 安徽省宣城市响山路118号 宣城市气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宣城市气象局2022年度科学技术研究开发课题“宣城市一季稻高温热害发生规律及影响分析”(ky202201)

Distribution Pattern of Heat Damage and Its Impact on Yield of Single-Season Rice in Xuancheng

BAO Jingwen1(), NI Dajing1, HU Anxia1, QIU Lifang1, WANG Meishuo2   

  1. 1 Xuancheng Meteorological Bureau, Xuancheng, Anhui 242000
    2 Huizhou Meteorological Bureau, Huangshan, Anhui 245061
  • Received:2025-02-13 Revised:2025-08-19 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

摘要: 本研究旨在避免或减轻高温热害对宣城市一季稻生产的不利影响,保障该地区水稻生产的稳定性。基于宣城市7个气象站点1961—2023年的气象资料和2000—2023年一季稻单产数据,采用产量建模、小波分析等方法,系统分析宣城市一季稻关键生育期(孕穗—抽穗扬花期)高温热害的时空分布特征、变化规律及其对产量的影响。结果表明:(1)高温热害总发生频次自20世纪90年代起呈上升趋势,进入21世纪后,轻、重和极重度热害的发生频次增加,而中度热害呈缓慢下降趋势。各类热害发生频次排序为轻度>重度>中度>极重度。(2)高温热害影响范围为轻度>重度>中度>极重度。(3)高温热害在空间上总体表现为西南多、东北少,其中宁国市热害发生最频繁,广德市相对较少;整体而言,高温热害呈加剧趋势。(4)宣城市一季稻产量和高温热害之间存在显著的4~5 a反相位共振周期,且该周期在2007年后更为明显。高温热害强度与一季稻减产幅度呈显著正相关。基于上述结果,建议在南部高温热害高发区推广耐高温籼稻品种,并配套“深水灌溉+叶面喷施水杨酸”等应急技术;在东北低发区优化播期,使抽穗扬花期避开7月下旬—9月上旬的高温时段。本研究结果可为当地水稻稳产高产及增强气候韧性提供技术支持。

关键词: 高温热害, 一季稻, 小波分析, 相对气象产量, 宣城市

Abstract:

This study aimed to mitigate or prevent the adverse effects of heat damage on yield of single-season rice in Xuancheng, ensuring stable rice production in the region. Using meteorological data from seven meteorological stations (1961-2023) and rice yield data (2000-2023) in Xuancheng, the spatiotemporal distribution, variation patterns, and yield impacts of heat damage during the critical growth stages of single-season rice (booting to heading-flowering stages) were analyzed through yield modeling and wavelet analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) total heat damage events increased after the 1990s. After 2000, mild, severe, and extreme heat damage showed rising trends, while moderate damage declined gradually. Mild events were most frequent, followed by severe and moderate, with extreme events being the least common. (2) The spatial extent of heat damage followed the order: mild > severe > moderate > extreme. (3) Heat damage was more prevalent in the southwest and less frequent in the northeast. Ningguo experienced the highest frequency, while Guangde had the relatively lower frequency, with an overall increasing trend. (4) A 4-5 year inverse-phase resonance cycle existed between rice yields and heat damage in Xuancheng, becoming more pronounced after 2007. There was a significant positive correlation between the intensity of high temperature heat damage and the yield reduction of single-season rice. Recommendations include: promoting high-temperature-tolerant indica rice varieties paired with emergency measures like “deep-water irrigation + foliar salicylic acid application” in southern high-risk zones; optimizing sowing dates in northeastern low-risk zones to avoid critical flowering stages from late July to early September. The research results, combined with the above targeted measures, can provide scientific basis and technical support for the stable and high yield of local rice and the enhancement of climate resilience.

Key words: heat damage, single-season rice, wavelet analysis, relative meteorological yield, Xuancheng