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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 34-40.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0084

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱荒漠区夏季修剪对玫瑰越冬的影响

张坤1(), 梁虎2   

  1. 1 兰州文理学院，兰州 730000
    2 敦煌丝绸枣业有限公司，甘肃敦煌 736299
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 作者简介:

    张坤，男，1980年出生，山东高密人，副教授，博士，主要从事农产品创新研究。通信地址：730000 兰州市城关区北面滩400号 兰州文理学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    兰州文理学院博士启动资金项目“旅游景区果树景观化整形与创新研究”(202205); 甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目“有机红枣与玫瑰特色种植与高效加工技术创新集成研究”(2024CYZC-66)

Effects of Summer Pruning on Rose Overwintering in Arid Desert Regions

ZHANG Kun1(), LIANG Hu2   

  1. 1 Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou 730000
    2 Dunhuang Silk Jujube Industry Co., Ltd., Dunhuang, Gansu 736299
  • Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

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摘要：

本研究旨在通过夏季修剪调控玫瑰新生枝条密度，改善冠层通风透光条件，协调植株地上与地下器官的协同发育，提高其越冬能力，为干旱荒漠区玫瑰优质丰产栽培提供技术支撑。以河西走廊敦煌市的‘大漠玫瑰’为研究对象，于2023年3月中旬进行冬剪，剪除3级以上枝条；春季第1批花结束后轻回缩修剪和疏枝，4级枝条的数量分别控制在80~100（对照）、75、70、65、60、55、50、45、40个/m2（对应CK、T1~T8）。由冠层外沿向内0~20、20~40、40~60 cm，均匀取样测定其生理与生长指标。越冬后CK、T1的3级枝冻死率超过5%，当枝条密度低于70个/m2(T2)时冻死率降低至2%~4%。T3（65个）~T8（40个）处理的LT50显著低于CK(P<0.05)，其中T6最低，达到-35.58℃，越冬能力显著提升。T3~T8处理次年4级枝条萌芽率、粗度有显著提高，但内部40~60 cm处的枝条粗度分别比0~20、20~40 cm降低13.68%、4.28%，证实光照条件对4级枝的生长有较大影响。T3~T8处理的根长密度较CK有明显下降，不同处理间根系活力呈先上升后下降趋势，即T3~T5根系活力显著提高。在敦煌及类似生态区，冬季正常修剪，夏季将新生枝条密度控制在55~60个/m2，可有效提高玫瑰越冬存活率，同时次年的萌芽率、枝条粗度和根系活力较高。

关键词: 干旱荒漠区, 玫瑰, 夏季修剪, 枝条密度, 越冬, 半致死温度, 根系活力, 逆境生理

Abstract:

This study aims to enhance the overwintering capacity of rose plants by conducting summer-autumn pruning to regulate the density of new shoots, improve growth conditions, and coordinate the synergistic development of above-ground and under-ground organs, thereby providing technical support for successful rose cultivation in arid desert regions. Using ‘Desert Rose’ in Dunhuang of the Hexi Corridor as experimental material, winter pruning was performed in mid-March 2023 to remove branches above grade 3. After the first flowering in spring-summer, retraction pruning and thinning were conducted to control the density of grade 4 branches at 80-100 (CK), 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45 and 40 branches/m2 (T1-T8). Physiological and growth indicators were measured by stratified sampling from the canopy edge inward (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm). After overwintering, the frost mortality rate of grade 3 branches in CK and T1 exceeded 5%. When branch density was reduced below 70 branches/m2 (T2), frost mortality decreased to 2%-4%. The LT50 (lethal temperature for 50% tissue damage) of T3 (65 branches) to T8 (40 branches) was significantly lower than CK, with T6 showing the lowest LT50 (-35.58℃), indicating markedly improved cold resistance. In the following year, bud burst rate and diameter of grade 4 branches significantly increased from T3 to T8. However, the branch diameter in the inner 40-60 cm layer decreased by 13.68% and 4.28% compared to the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers, respectively, confirming light limitation on inner branch growth. Root length density in T3-T8 decreased significantly compared to CK, while root activity initially increased and then declined across treatments, peaking in T3-T5. In Dunhuang and similar ecological regions, controlling summer new shoot density at 55-60 branches/m2 under routine winter pruning can effectively improve overwintering survival rates while maintaining higher bud burst rates, branch diameter, and root activity in the subsequent growing season.

Key words: arid desert region, Rosa rugosa, summer pruning, branch density, overwintering, semi-lethal temperature, root activity, stress physiology