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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 74-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0392

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

厨余垃圾堆肥对间作土壤酶活性及玉米花生生理特性的影响

班彩鑫1(), 萨如拉1,2(), 邰继承1,2, 赵廷超1, 李安宁1, 武程程1, 阿润图雅3   

  1. 1 内蒙古民族大学草业学院，内蒙古通辽 028000
    2 内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心，内蒙古通辽 028000
    3 长春建筑学院，长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-11 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者:
    萨如拉，女，1982年出生，内蒙古通辽人，教授，博士，研究方向：作物高产高效栽培与农业资源高效利用。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，Tel：0475-8316322，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    班彩鑫，女，2002年出生，广西靖西人，在读本科生，研究方向：农业资源与环境。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，Tel：0475-8316322，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米大豆复合种植产量效率与地力协同提升生理生态机制”(2022ZY0032); “轻度盐碱地玉米花生间作高产高效的土壤微生态机制”(2022ZY0168); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“米豆间作促进氮磷高效吸收利用的生物学机制”(2024LHMS03059)

Effect of Kitchen Waste Compost on Soil Enzyme Activity and Physiological Characteristics of Maize and Peanut Interplanting

BAN Caixin1(), SA Rula1,2(), TAI Jicheng1,2, ZHAO Tingchao1, LI Anning1, WU Chengcheng1, ARUNTUYA3   

  1. 1 College of Prataculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forage Crops Engineering Technology Research Center, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    3 Changchun Institute of Architecture, Changchun, Jilin 130012
  • Received:2025-05-11 Revised:2025-10-21 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

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摘要：

研究旨在明确厨余堆肥与玉米-花生间作体系质量土壤与作物生产力的提升效应，本研究设置CK（无堆肥）、EM菌剂堆肥(EM)、选育菌系堆肥(XS)3个处理，通过盆栽试验测定土壤酶活性（蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶）及作物生理指标（光合速率、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性）。结果表明：与CK相比，EM处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶(+35.2%)、脲酶(+28.7%)和碱性磷酸酶(+42.1%)活性(P<0.05)，同时提高玉米光合速率(+23.5%)和花生根瘤数(+40.0%)；XS处理效果次之。EM菌剂厨余堆肥可通过激活土壤酶活性、改善作物生理特性，协同提升盐碱地间作体系生产力，为盐碱地改良与有机废弃物资源化提供技术支撑。

关键词: 厨余垃圾堆肥, 玉米-花生间作, 土壤酶活性, 抗氧化能力, 根系活力

Abstract:

The aim is to clarify the synergistic effect of kitchen waste composting and intercropping systems. In this experiment, the kitchen waste from the public canteen of Inner Mongolia Minzu University was used as the test material. EM bacteria (EM), saline-alkali soil (TR), and the cellulose-decomposing bacterial strain (JX) selected from the microbiology laboratory of Inner Mongolia Minzu University were inoculated for composting respectively, and then were buried in the saline-alkali soil. Corn and peanut intercropping pot experiments were conducted with saline-alkali soil (CK) as the control. The results showed that under monoculture conditions, EM and JX increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and cellulase in monoculture corn soil, respectively, and both increased the activity of catalase in corn soil; JX increased the root activity of corn. TR and JX increased the activity of cellulase in monoculture peanut soil, increased the activity of SOD in peanut roots, and reduced the MDA content in peanut leaves. Under intercropping conditions, EM increased the soil sucrase and urease activities, while JX increased the soil urease activity. JX also increased the POD activity and MDA content in corn leaves. Both EM and JX increased the SOD activity in peanut roots under intercropping. Compared with monoculture, intercropping with EM increased the soil sucrase activity in corn, and intercropping with JX increased the POD activity in corn leaves and roots, as well as the SOD and POD activities in peanut roots. Intercropping of corn and peanut increased the SOD activity in peanut roots and the POD activity in corn roots. Overall analysis showed that intercropping of corn and peanut increased the antioxidant enzyme activities in crop roots. EM kitchen waste compost can activate soil enzyme activity, improve crop physiological characteristics, and synergistically improve the productivity of intercropping system in saline-alkali land, providing technical support for saline-alkali land improvement and organic waste resource utilization. Whether in monoculture or intercropping conditions, inoculation with cellulose-decomposing bacteria from kitchen waste compost had a positive effect on soil enzyme activities and the physiological activities of corn and peanut.

Key words: food waste compost, maize-peanut intercropping, soil enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, root activity