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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 13-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0666

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯/豆类复合系统对宁南旱区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响

马小英1(), 满本菊1, 李涛1, 刘威帆1, 马风兰1, 万猛虎1, 刘吉利2, 吴娜1()   

  1. 1 宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
    2 宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 通讯作者:
    吴娜,女,1980年出生,山东淄博人,教授,主要从事作物高产栽培研究。通信地址:750021 宁夏银川西夏区贺兰山西路489号 宁夏大学农学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    马小英,女,1999年出生,宁夏吴忠人,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物高产栽培研究。通信地址:750021 宁夏银川西夏区贺兰山西路489号 宁夏大学农学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金“有机肥替代对宁南旱区马铃薯产量形成的调控效应及生理机制”(2022AAC03063); 国家自然科学基金“宁南山区马铃薯燕麦间作系统氮素互作机制及施肥调控研究”(31660376)

Effects of Potato/Legume Intercropping System on Soil Enzyme Activity and Potato Yield in Arid Region of Southern Ningxia

MA Xiaoying1(), MAN Benju1, LI Tao1, LIU Weifan1, MA Fenglan1, WAN Menghu1, LIU Jili2, WU Na1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2024-11-07 Revised:2025-02-21 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-14

摘要:

为探讨马铃薯豆类间作复合系统对宁南旱区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响,于2020—2021年连续2 a开展大田定位试验,设置3种不同种植模式[单作马铃薯(P)、马铃薯/大豆(PS)、马铃薯/蚕豆(PB)],研究不同间作模式中土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的差异。结果发现,间作有效提高了0~60 cm土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,各处理间的酶活性基本表现为PS>PB>P,在全生育期中均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且随土层的深入逐渐下降。2020年,PS处理过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性较PB处理和P处理分别高出0.51%~4.69%、7.96%~152.23%、3.22%~192.00%、5.75%~175.80%和1.28%~9.10%、4.11%~53.99%、3.61%~140.27%、4.27%~133.7%;2021年,PS处理过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性较PB处理和P处理分别高出0.20%~4.63%、0.84%~93.93%、4.26%~143.26%、4.85%~50.41%和0.13%~8.83%、0.05%~94.53%、1.13%~334.33%、7.15%~99.34%。2 a中,马铃薯产量均表现为PS>PB>P,2020年PS处理和PB处理分别较P处理显著提高了13.96%、5.33%,2021年PS和PB分别较P显著提高了33.85%、14.31%(P<0.05)。通过主成分分析,2020年和2021年,P、PS、PB处理的综合得分分别为:-0.79、2.55、-1.75和-2.69、3.36、-0.68,2 a中均表现为PS最高。马铃薯与豆类间作促使土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性上升,为土壤形成和土壤肥力的提高提供一定的基础,为马铃薯生长发育提供较优的生长发育环境,从而提升了马铃薯的产量。本研究中具有间作优势,能显著提高马铃薯产量的种植模式为马铃薯大豆间作。

关键词: 马铃薯, 豆类作物, 间作, 土壤酶活性, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of the potato-legume intercropping system on soil enzyme activity and potato yield in the arid region of southern Ningxia, a field positioning experiment with three different planting patterns, including potato monoculture (P), potato-soybean intercropping (PS), potato-broad bean intercropping (PB) were conducted for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021 to explore the differences of soil enzyme activity and potato yield in different intercropping patterns. The results revealed that intercropping significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase in 0-60 cm soil. The enzyme activities of each treatment were basically manifested as PS>PB>P, which increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period, and gradually decreased with the deepening of soil layer. In 2020, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.51%-4.69%, 7.96%-152.23%, 3.22%-192.00%, 5.75%-175.80% and 1.28%-9.10%, 4.11%-53.99%, 3.61%-140.27%, 4.27%-133.7% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. In 2021, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.20%-4.63%, 0.84%-93.93%, 4.26%-143.26%, 4.85%-50.41% and 0.13%-8.83%, 0.05%-94.53%, 1.13%-334.33%, 7.15%-99.34% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. The potato yield showed PS>PB>P in both years. In 2020, PS and PB significantly increased by 13.96% and 5.33% compared with P, respectively. In 2021, PS and PB significantly increased by 33.85% and 14.31% compared with P, respectively (P<0.05). Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive scores of P, PS and PB in 2020 and 2021 were -0.79, 2.55, -1.75 and -2.69, 3.36, -0.68, respectively, and PS was the highest in both years. The intercropping of potato and leguminous crops promoted the increase of soil catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities, which provided a certain basis for soil formation and soil fertility improvement, and provided a better environment for potato growth and development, thus increasing the yield of potato. In this study, potato-soybean intercropping had the advantage of intercropping and could significantly increase potato yield.

Key words: potato, leguminous crops, intercropping, soil enzyme activity, yield